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Movement Across Membranes, ATP: Universal Energy Currency, Turgid cells…
Movement Across Membranes
Diffusion
Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Particles have kinetic energy to move around randomly
Particles spread out
Particles move from higher concentration to lower concentration (Concentration Gradient)
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
Concentration Gradient
Steeper Concentration Gradient
Faster rate of diffusion
Temperature
High Temperature
Surface Area
High surface area
Distance
Shorter distance
Size of particle
Small size particles
Osmosis
Special type of diffusion
The movement of water from high water potential to low water potential by a partially permeable membrane
Effects
Dilute Solution (High Water Potential)
Water enters the cell by Osmosis
Swells
Concentrated solution (Low Water Potential)
Water leaves the cell
Shrinks
Active Transport
The movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration using energy from respiration
Active process
Particles are moving against the Concentration Gradient
Cells need energy to move the particles across the cell membrane
Energy is supplied by ATP produced during respiration
The energy is used to drive transport proteins in
the cell membrane
ATP: Universal Energy Currency
Turgid cells provide support
to a plant
Flaccid cells causes a
plant to become wilted