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Chapter 4: Project Time Management - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4: Project Time Management
Importance of Project Schedules
Managers often cite delivering projects on time as one of their biggest challenges
Time has the least amount of flexibility; it passes no matter what happens on a project
Schedule issues are the main reason for conflicts on projects, especially during the second half of projects
Project Time Management Processes
Activity definition
: identifying the specific activities/tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables
Project charter includes start and end dates and budget information
Scope statement and WBS help define what will be done
Activity sequencing
– further defining the time
Activity resource and activity duration
(further defining the time and cost)
Activity definition
– further defining the scope
Milestones :
significant event that normally has no duration
Activity sequencing:
identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities
determine dependencies in order to use critical path analysis
Three Types of Dependencies:
Mandatory dependencies
: inherent the work being performed on a project,
Discretionary dependencies
: defined by the project team
External dependencies
: relationships between project and non-project activities
Network Diagrams
Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
Activities are represented by boxes
Better at showing different types of dependencies
Activity resource estimating:
estimating how many resources a project team should use to perform project activities
Activity duration estimating:
estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities
Duration
includes the actual amount of time worked on an activity plus elapsed time.
Effort
is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
network analysis technique used to estimate project duration
Schedule development:
analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule
Uses results of the other time management processes to determine the start and end date of the project
Important tools and techniques include:
Gantt charts
critical path analysis
critical chain scheduling
PERT analysis
Gantt charts
provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format
Critical Path Method (CPM)
network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration
Calculating the Critical Path:
First develop a good network diagram
Add the duration estimates for all activities on each path through the network diagram
The longest path is the critical path
If one or more of the activities on the critical path takes longer than planned, the whole project schedule will slip unless the project manager takes corrective action
Schedule control:
controlling and managing changes to the project schedule
Perform reality checks on schedules
Hold progress meetings with stakeholders and be clear and honest in communicating schedule issues
Working with People Issues
Project managers should use::
Empowerment
Incentives
Discipline
Negotiation