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THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM (17–18TH CENTURY), ANA LAURA GONZALEZ LOZANO …
THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM (17–18TH CENTURY)
The Age of Absolutism
form of monarchical power
unlimited by any other institution
no constitution or legal restriction
Foundations of Royal Absolutism
2 base ideas
Divine Right of Kings
monarch is subject to no earthly authority
right to rule directly from God
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author
Jean Bodin
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Social Contract Theory
reciprocal agreement
the people transfer rights to a government
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author
Thomas Hobbes
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ultimate authority over state and subjects
head of state
head of government
duration
from the reign of Louis XIV
to the French Revolution
hereditary or through marriage.
Religious Conflicts
The Protestant Reformation
led to wars of religion
Thirty Years’ War*
French Wars of Religion
and secularization
absolute monarchies were regarded as the solution
Decline of Feudalism
At the end of the Middle Ages,
weak monarchy
attempting to control the lands
gave place to:
The Origin of the Modern State
earliest forms of Capitalism
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Historical Examples of Absolutism
Louis XIV
Ruled France
1643 - 1715
key statement
“L’état, c’est moi” (The state, it is me)
role model for the absolute rulership
Most of the practices of the modern state were instituted by him
strong central government
centralized bureaucracy,
large standing military
efficient tax system
there was one exception to the rule
kingdom of England
they were taking acompletely different turn towards a modern state.
radical change
to a republic
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James I (1603–1625)
The True Law of Monarchies
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Frederick William of Hohenzollern
in Brandenburg-Prussia
1640–1699
two semiautonomous territories,
to achieve political unity:
He built a large standing army
Established a centralized tax syste
Features of Absolute Rule
all key elements of national government
placed into monarch
with national administration
created nationwide bureaucracy
in response:
aristocratic resistance happened
featured
legislation
under the direct control of the king,
jurisdiction
the armed forces
tax collection
judicial system
Enlightened Absolutism
influenced by the Age of Enlightenment
allow religious toleration,
freedom of speech and the press
right to hold private property.
patronized the arts and education
entitled to govern by right of birth
example
Holy Roman Emperor,
Joseph II (1765–1790)
“Everything for the people, nothing by the people.”
Absolutism Today
The popularity declined after French Revolution
government based on sovereignty
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ANA LAURA GONZALEZ LOZANO
1896841