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Behaviorist Approach - Coggle Diagram
Behaviorist Approach
- Interested in behavior that can be measured and observed
- human behavior explained by conditioning - learned associations between stimuli in environ. & organism's response
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- Two types of conditioning - classical & operant
- NS - doesn't initially cause target reaction
UCS - naturally causes response
CR - learned by pairing originally neutral CS w/
UCR - natural reaction to a stimulus
CS - neutral stimulus - paired w/ UCS elicits similar response
- NS - Bell associated w/ UCS - food result = UCR - salivation
- bell associated w/ food and so when bell was rung salivation would occur - CLASSICAL conditioning
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- OPERANT conditioning - learning through consequences
3 types of consequences of behavior
- Positive reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement
- Punishment
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POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
- Rat and lever in box
- accidentally knock leaver = food pellet would drop
- quickly learned to go to lever
- PR strengthens behavior by giving rewarding consequence
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
- Rat & lever in box - constant electric current
- accidentally knock lever = stop electric shock
- quickly learned to go straight to lever
- consequence of escaping EC ensured they would repeat the action
PUNISHMENT
- rat presses lever = shocked
- weaken response rather than increase it
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- EVENTUALLY, salivation became a CR when bell (CS) was rung
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- led to treatments developed for phobias
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systematic desensitisation - based on CC - aims to replace fear of phobia w/ calmness
- focuses on Scientific method
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ensures can be repeated & whether it's replicable
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- Deterministic - focus on Stimulus-response explanations
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incomplete understanding of behavior
- humans and animals not the same
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physiologically different - not generalisable