Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chemistry CT2 - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry CT2
obtaining and using metals
reactivity series
Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper, silver, gold
I know that metals reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen
equations for reactions between metals and water
calcium+water - calcium hydroxide+hydrogen
a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive ore from its compound
metals which are more reactive than carbon are extracted by electrolysis of their molten compounds
Cryolite is used during the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide to lower the melting point of the aluminium oxide. This reduces the energy needed to extract the aluminium
I know that aluminium is formed at the cathode(negative electrode) and oxygen is formed at the anode (the positive electrode) during electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide.
at anode and cathode 2Al +60H - (aq) - 6e - AI203 +3H20
hydrogen
when metals react with acids hydrogen gas is given off
the test for hydrogen is the squeaky pop test put a test tube over a flame and should hear a pop
displacement reactions
zinc+copper - zinc sulfate + coppper
the copper displaces the zinc
Mg+ ZnCl2 - MgCl2+Zn
I know that oxidation is the loss of electrons and reductions the the gain of electrons
remember OILRIG of electrons
Cu2+ + 2e- - Cu(s)
Oxidation is the gain of oxygen and reduction is the loss of oxygen
nonreactive metals
gold, platinum and silver are found in the Earth in their native state (they are found as uncombined elements.)
I know that most metals are found in the Earth as compounds that are present as ores
Definition of Ore?
An ore is a rock that contains metal compounds, which can be used to refine/extract the metal
I know that chemical reactions o are needed to extract metals from their ores
Metals that are less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their metal oxide by reduction with carbon
biological methods of metal extraction
bioleaching
where they put tiny microorganisms into the metal to extract it
Phytoextraction
Is where they use machine to extract heavy metals from water or soil
disadvantage
slow process
what is corrosion
is when a metal becomes weaker as a result of its reaction with oxygen
corrosion of iron and steel requires water and oxygen and is called rusting
some metals do not corrode as their surfaces form a protective oxide layer which prevents further corrosion. An example is aluminium
groups in the periodic table
group 1
have 1 electrons in the outer shell
as you go down group 1 you can see reactivity increases
alkali metals react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrgoen
known a s the alkali metals
reactions
lithium (Li)- fizzing/floating
sodium (Na) - metals into ball, fizzing
potassium( K) - lilac flame, fizzing
they become more reactive as you go down the group because the atom gets larger making it more easy to loss an electron
group 7
called the halogens
group 7 elements exist as diatomic molecules e.g F2, Cl2
as you go down the group the melting/boiling point increases
test for Chlorine?
if damp blue litmus paper is placed in chlorine gas, the paper will first turn red and then ti will be bleached white
as you go up the group the reactivity increases
group 0
gases in group 0 are called noble gases and that they are inert (very reactive)
