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Early thinkers in the development of Sociology along with their major…
Early thinkers in the development of Sociology along with their major contributions
August Comte
1798-1857
Classification of sciences
Positivism
Reinvented the term Sociology, originally coined by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
Harriet Martineau
1802-1876
First female sociologist
Translated Comte's work from French to English
C. Wright Mills
1916-1962
Sociological imagination
Also believed in conflict theory
Mamie and Kenneth Clark
Brown vs. the board of education
Their studies showed how segregation was harmful to young black school children.
Karl Marx
1818-1883
Conflict theory
Believed societies grew and changed as a result of struggles
Émile Durkheim
1858-1917
Helped establish sociology as formal academic discipline
Believed sociologist could study social facts
Social solidarity
Max Weber
1864-1920
Verstehen
Defined the concept of Value Neutrality
Herbert Spencer
1820-1903
Wrote about similarities between society and the human body.
Functionalism
Herbert Blumer
Coined the phrase symbolic interactionism
He was a student of George Herbert Mead
George Herbert Mead 1863-1931
Founder of symbolic interactionism
Development of self
Called those that impacted a person's life 'generalized others' and 'significant others'
Erving Goffman 1922-1982
dramaturgical analysis
He used theater as an analogy for social interaction and recognized that people’s interactions showed patterns of cultural “scripts.”
Charles Horton Cooley 1864-1929
Looking glass self
Robert Merton
1910-2003
Manifest functions
Latent Functions
Dysfunctions
Georg Simmel
1858-1918
Anti-positivism
Focused on micro-level theories and analyzed two-person and three-person groups
Frankfurt School
Critical theory
Janet Saltzman Chafetz
1941-2006
Feminist theory
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes 1748-1836
First coined the term Sociology
William Edward Burghardt “W. E. B.” Du Bois 1868–1963
Pioneered several sociological methodologies.
Believed Sociology was the science of human action not the science of society as a whole
Introduced many of the principles that became the foundation for modern Sociology
Plato
427 B.C.-347 B.C.
The first western philosopher who attempted a systematic study of society
Peter L. Berger 1929-
Described a Sociologist as "Someone concerned with understanding society in a disciplined way."
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown 1881–1955
He defined the function of any recurrent activity as the part it played in social life as a whole, and therefore the contribution it makes to social stability and continuity