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Changes in Civil Rights Movement - Coggle Diagram
Changes in Civil Rights Movement
Watts Riots (1965)
Violent confrontations between LA police and residents of Watts and AA neighbourhoods
August 11th - 17th 1965
Immediate cause of disturbance was the arrest if an AA man, Marquette Frye by a white highway officer on suspicion of drunk driving
31,000-15,000 adults took part
34 deaths & 1032 injuries
70,000 people were sympathetic but not acitve
Over $40 million in property damage
White people may be less willing to give rights after violence
May fear repercussions if not and so more willing to give rights to stop riots
Shows limitations of pervious civil rights bills
Martin Luther King's Chicago Campaign (1966)
7th January 1966
MLK & Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
44 civil rights organisations
Worked to end slums and improve living conditions
Addressed entrenched racial discrimination
Pushed for fair open-housing
Non-violent strategies
Rallies, boycotts & grassroots lobbying
Marches in hostile white territory
News cameras present
Mobs of angry whites
Whites hurled bricks, bottle & rocks
Knocked MLK to the ground with rock
Campaign did not achieve full impact desired by the Chicago Freedom Movement
James Meredith & the "March Against Fear" (1966)
June 5th 1966
Integrated University of Mississippi (1962)
March Against fear (Tennessee to Mississippi)
Promote black voter registration
Defy entrenched racism
On the second day of the march Meredith was shot by an unknown gunman
Within hours, the nation's three principal civil rights organizations vowed to continue the march
Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
he three week march struggled with death threats, arrests, and tear gas, as well as internal tensions including leadership, routing, and use of the slogan "Black Power."
Black Power Elevated - Stokely Carmichael
Backlash & violence
SCLC's staff photographer Bob Fitch photographed the march, creating numerous enduring images
Triumphant voter registration of born-in-slavery 106-year-old El Fondren
Moments of camaraderie and debate
Stokely Carmichael's dramatic declaration that would captivate the globe, "Black Power."
King's Attitude to the War in Vietnam and Relationship with Johnson (1967)
Backlash
Liked Vietnam with domestic inequity
The Poor People's Campaign (1967)
Legal methods/non-violence
Rights & stability
Education
Long term solutions
Act with poor people not on behalf
Dignity & self esteem
Links to socialism or communism accusations
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr
At 6:05 p.m. the following day, King was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, where he and his associates were staying, when a sniper’s bullet struck him in the neck
He was rushed to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead about an hour later, at the age of 39
Shock and distress over the news of King’s death sparked rioting in more than 100 cities around the country, including burning and looting
Amid a wave of national mourning, President Lyndon B. Johnson urged Americans to “reject the blind violence” that had killed King, whom he called the “apostle of nonviolence"
LBJ also called on Congress to speedily pass the civil rights legislation then entering the House of Representatives for debate, calling it a fitting legacy to King and his life’s work
On April 11, Johnson signed the Fair Housing Act, a major piece of civil rights legislation that prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin or sex. It is considered an important follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964
His assassination led to an outpouring of anger among Black Americans, as well as a period of national mourning that helped speed the way for an equal housing bill that would be the last significant legislative achievement of the civil rights era
For some, King's assassination meant the end of the strategy of nonviolence. Others in the movement reaffirmed the need to carry on King's and the movement's work
Leaders within the SCLC confirmed that they would carry on the Poor People's Campaign that year despite the loss of King