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UNIT 6. GRAMMAR - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 6. GRAMMAR
1. PERFECT PARTICIPLES
(Phân từ hoàn thành)
1.1. HÌNH THỨC
Chủ động
Having P2
Bị động
Having been P2
1.2. CHỨC NĂNG
Để rút gọn mệnh đề thời gian khi hành động
trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước hđ của mệnh đề chính
After
After he had finished his homework, he hanged out with friends.
=
Having finished
his homework, he hanged out with friends.
Having planned
the content, we're now looking for supporting information.
= After we have planned the content, wer're now.....
then
He had got up, then he brushed the teeth.
=
Having got
up, he brushed the teeth.
I had had breakfast, then I went to school.
=
Having had
breakfast, I went to school.
Để rút gọn mệnh đề lý do
Because
Because they had lost the game, they cried a lot.
=
Having lost
the game, they cried a lot.
Having cut down
the forests, people now have to suffer severe floods.
= Because people have cut down the forest, they now have to suffer ....
Since
As
1.3. CHÚ Ý
Reduced clause is called Participle clause
2 clauses have the same subjects
2. PERFECT GERUNDS
(Danh động từ hoàn thành)
2.1. Form
passive
having been P2
active
Having P2
2.2. Functions
emphasize an action that happened in the past, before the past action denoted by the main verb.
He denied
having stolen
the bike.
I thanked her for
having helped
me a lot.
2.3. Structures
a, S + V(main) + having Ved/V3
V(main) = admit/ avoid/ deny
enjoy/ like/love/ hate
remember/ forget/ regret
mention/ keep ...
b, S + V(main) + sb + preposition + having Ved/ V3
suspect sb of
apologise (to sb) for
admire sb for
blame sb for
accuse sb of
criticise sb for
praise sb for
thank sb for
congratulate sb on