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ORGAN FUNCTION TESTS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - occlusion or partial occlusion of blood vessels supplying heart
    - - damage to blood vessels - ageing, smoking
      - after damage occurs, LDL cholesterol deposited in damaged area
      - monocytes recruited because cholesterol oxidises
      - monocytes into macrophages, try digest LDL --> foam cells
      - foam cells die, --> formation of plaque
      - calcium and fibrous tissue into plaque
        
        narrowing of blood vessel
      - calcification occurs, causes hardening
        
        increases blood pressure
        
        vessel ruptures
        
        exposed collagen
        
        attachment of platelets
        
        accumulation of platelets initiates formation of blood clot
    - - unstable angina (heart pain)
        
        ischaemia caused by occlusion/partial occlusion
        
        NO PERMANENT DAMAGE TO CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
      - myocardial infarction
        
        ischaemia caused by occlusion/partial occlusion
        
        PERMANENT DAMAGE TO CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS (necrosis)
    - - defined as death/necrosis of cardiac muscle caused by ischaemia
      - differential diagnosis is important as MI may require quick treatment
        
        only 30% show ECG changes
    - - damaged heart muscle can grow new tissue and repair itself
        
        heart muscles starts to die after 5 minutes of ischaemia
      - during Ebb phase, one of the key aims
        
        divert blood flow to critical organs (heart and brain)
        
        ensures survival