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THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, image, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen,…
THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
UNION OF CASTILLA AND ARAGON
1474
The king of Castilla died
Civil war broke out between
Joanna la Beltraneja
Isabella
1479
The king of Aragon died
Ferdinand became King of Aragon
Dynastic union of Castilla and Aragon
Conflict ended
Victory of Isabella
Not result the creation of a unitary state
Each kingdom retained its own
Institutions
Laws
Language
currency
Internal boundaries
1469
Isabella of Castilla married Ferdinand of Aragon
A single state was not created
HISPANIC MONARCHY
The Catholic Monarchs carried out domestic reforms
To reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy
Created Viceroy
Represent the monarchs
In the Kingdoms
In their absence
The inquisition
Reformed in Aragon
Persecute false conversions
1478 established in Castilla
Religious cour
Controlled by the Crown
Power General Courts reduced
To weaken the power of the nobility
Royal treasury powers to control tax collection
Permission to place military orders
Under the monarchs control
Territories
Council of Castilla, Aragon and Navarra
A permanent army with professional soldiers
Specific matters
Inquisition dealt matters
Morals
Faith
Councils of experts to advise the monarchs
Judicial system of Castilla was restructured through audiencias
Valladolid
Granada
To restrict the autonomy of the urban oligarchies
In Castilla, the mayors
The monarchs appointed
Ran councils
In Aragon, sortition system
Local governors selected by lottery
Was maintained
To improve international relations
Castilla became authoritarian monarchy
Aragon mainteined the pact tradition
King made decisions with regional institutions
Diplomatic corps was expanded
FOREIGN POLICY
Military strategie
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Italy
Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba
The batlles of Cerignola and Garigliano
Secured the Aragonese territories of
Naples
Sicily
Sardinia
The Atlantic Ocean
Canary Islands were conquered
Guanches were subjugated
Serve stop off point for Christopher Columbus
Northern Africa
Conquered
Melilla
Oran
Bugia
On the Iberian Peninsula
1492 Boabdil surrendered
1512 Ferdinand The Catholic conquered Navarra
Completed the Reconquest
The Pope named them the CATHOLIC MONARCHS
They established the territory of the Spanish State
Financed Christopher Columbus expedition
Diplomatic strategie
Formed alliances by marrying their children to the kings
Union with Portugal
Isolation of France
Roussillon and Cerdanya returned
Continued to be enemy
Married their children
To English princes
The Habsburgs
Objectives
Unification of the Iberian Peninsula
Isolation of France
Consolidation of the Crown of Aragon
Expansion across the Athlantic
The Catholic Monarchs converted into a great power in
Europe
America
RELIGIOUS POLICY
The Jews and Muslims were expelled
JEWS
Agreed to convert
Inquisition
Investigated
Persecuted
They are Conversos
1492 force To convert to christianity
Did not obey
leave their homes
They are Sephardic Jews
Sell their assets
MUDEJAR
Cardinal Cisneros forced to baptised
As a result revolted in the Alpujarras
Muslims who lived in christian territories
1502 expelled from Castilla
Converted to christianism
Moriscos
Persecuted by Inquisition
1526 expelled from Aragon
The mayority were farmers
Negative impact on agriculture
Political objective
Establised religious unity
Ended the religious diversity
ECONOMY, SOCIETY, ART AND CULTURE
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Crown of Castilla
1494 Burgos Consulate
Founded to control the exportation of wool
From the Cantabrian ports
The spanish textile industry
Cover domestic demand
Transhumance livestock farming
Shepherd migrated with their flock of sheep
South in winter
Northern mesea in summer
Exportation of wool very important
Paths protected by the Crown
This paths called Cañadas Reales
Crown received taxes from the wool trade
Association of shepherds
Controlled this activity
HONRADO CONCEJO DE LA MESTA called
Livestock farming
Pasture land increased
Increase
Replaced the land dedicated to growing crops
Crown of Aragon
Abuses of the nobility
Imposed to peasants
Taxes
Fines
Other arbitrary measures
Known feudal abuses
War of the Remences
Peasant uprising
1486
Ferdinand the Catholic ended this conflict
Stop the feudal abuses
Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
Trade
Textile industry
Benefitted incorporation Italian territories
Main ports
Valencia
Barcelona
Protected local industries
Placing taxes foreign products
Shipbuilding
ART AND CULTURE
Spanish Renaissance
Characteristics
1492 Antonio de Nebrija
Published the first grammar
Founding universities
Importance of Castilian language
Spread of the printing press
Cardinal Cisneros financed
Complutensian polyglot Bible
Write in four languages
Greek
Hebrew
Latin
Chaldean
Juan Luis Vives
Humanist
Converted Jew
Scape the Inquisition to Flanders and England
Follower of Erasmus of Rotterdam
Proposed
Social services for the poor
Educational reforms
The Gothic artistic style maintained
Architecture
Isabelline style. Style of the Catholic KIngs
Cisneros style
Sculpture
Domenico Fancelli importan artist
Sculpted Tomb of the Catholic Monarchs in Granada
Painting
Pedro Berruguete
Influenced by the Flemish style
