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Hardware and operating systems. - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating systems.
computer languaje and function
When we communicate or memorise a sentence or make calculations, we use a lot of different symbols, sounds and images. computers only use the numbers 0 and 1. this is known as the binary system. the smalles unit of information that we can storage on a computer (0 or 1) is called a bit (b) which is an abbreviaton of binary digit. eight bits together form a Byte (B) diferent multiples of a byte are used to store information.
ASCII: we give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet, and to the characters computers can use, so that we can store them. these codes consist of the figures ´1´ and ´0´. ASCII (the American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Uses 7 bits to store up to 128 characters.
Computer functions:
we use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move, like the mouse and the keyboard
software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage the data.
computers carry out 4 different functions:
input of data using peripheral devices
output of data using peripheral devices
processing data in the cpu using the microprocessor and the memory
storing data in the storage devices
windows operating systems
you can use some tools wich can help you managing your windows pc:
hard disk maintenance:
defragmenting the hard disk
detecting and reparing errors
cleaning the hard disk
saving power
installing and uninstalling programs
system updating
computer elements
microprocessor
Computer history is very closely Iinked to the development of integrated circuits or chips. the microprocessor is an integrated circuit made up of milhons of tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and data received
from the memory.
the clock rate sets the pace at which processes are completed The clock continously generates electrical impulse
RAM
The Computers main memory is its RAM (random access memory) When we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to this
memory so that the microproressor can use them. this is because accessing the hard disk is slow
cache memory
RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor, the cache memory. Thc cache memory stores the data that the microprocessor uses most
often.
storage devices
the ram stores data temporarily. when you turn of the computer this data disappears. we use data storage units to permanently save this data
the motherboard
The motherboard is like a miniature city. the different components are the buildings, and the bits travel down the streets from block to block. The communication between these components takes place through sets of copper wires called buses.
software and operating systems
there are various types of software:
applications
word processors, spreadsheets, presentations, database managment tools, drawing programs.
programming languages
these programs can be used to create other programs and applications.
operating system
the operating system is the first thing that appears when you turn on your computer and the last thing, you see when you re turning off. Different computer can have diferent tipes of software, but they all need an operating sistem.
the operating system provides a working environment that makes it easy to acces all the various aplications, find ifnormation about different elements of the computer and to manage the files and folder. the most used operating, systems are windows, linux and Mac Os.
Linux operating system
you can use some tools wich can help you managing your linux pc
keeping your system up to date
installing and uninstalling programs
computer networks
a computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information. they can be classified by size or by the way they are connected to each other.
all computers network have a logical component, wich is an operating system and applications that work on a network and a physical component connecting the different computers to each other.
the hub distributes the information it receives between the other computers
this information travels down a transmision medium.
each computer needs an adaptor or network card
wireless networks
wireless networks, known as wlans, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. all the computers need to have a wireless network card. networks with a combination of wired and wireless devices use WAP that we use to transmit data.
computers in a network can share a single internet connection. Computer networks can connect to internet in two ways:
using internet connection sharing, where all communication is through one computer, that must be switched on all the time
using a router, wich detects data and directs it to and from the internet
