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ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899-1961) - Coggle Diagram
ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899-1961)
LIFE
Born in Illinois from a doctor (who committed suicide), he had an active childhood (hunting, fishing, rugby, boxing)
1917 worked as a reporter for the
Kansas City Star
where he learned the rigorous rules of
pure objective writing
: declarative sentences without any unnecessary words
During WWI he didn't manage to join the army due to his poor eyesight but he joined the Red Cross as ambulance driver in 1918
He was wounded by a mortar fragment in Italy and the Italian government presented him with a medal for dragging a wounded Italian soldier to safety in spite of his own injuries
Back in the USA he started work as a foreign correspondent and in 1922 he was sent to Paris where he joined a group of expatriate writers called
The Lost Generation
mentors: Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound
1933 thanks to his second wife he bought a house in Key West and went on a safari in Africa
he worked as a correspondent during the Spanish civil war
1954 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature
fearing his physical decline due to hypertension, diabetes and depression, he committed suicide in 1961
he worked with the Soviet KGB under the cover name 'Argo'
WORKS
1924
In Our Time
his first collection of short stories about his childhood deaturing his alter ego
Nick Adams
1926
The Sun Also Rises
published as
Fiesta
in Britain
exotic settings and extreme situations
violent actions to reveal virtues such as courage and endurance
1929
A farewell to arms
a love story set among the horrors of WWI
1935
The Green Hills of Africa
1936
The Snows of Kilimanjaro
1940
For Whom the Bell tolls
about the experience during Spanish Civil War
1952
The Old man and the sea
won him the Pulitzer Prize in fiction in 1953
1950
Across the river and into the trees
1970
Islands in the stream
posthumous, both criticised
1986
The Garden of Eden
HEMINGWAY'S HERO
modelled upon the author's himself
an outdoorsman
sensitive to the chaotic world
honourable and courageous
STYLE
dry, essential style
simple syntax
colloquial dialogue
brief descriptions
characters mainly revealed through dialogues
no analysis of personal feelings
A farewell to arms
PLOT
The American ambulance driver
Frederick Henry
, on the Italian front during WWI, fell in love with the English nurse
Catherine Barkley
, whom he meets again in a Milan hospital he is sent after being wounded.
On his return to the front, he finds himself int he middle of the retreat of the Italian army after the German attack at Caporetto. He deserts the army and reaches Catherine, who is pregnant.
They escape across Lake Maggiore to Switzerland, where she dies after giving birth to a dead child.
FREDERICK HENRY
the classic Hemnigway hero, he does his duty and thinks that men should be free from passion
he thinks that war is dreadful but necessary
TRANSFORMATION:
his love for Catherine is the only thing he is ready to commit himself to
he becomes intensely pessimistic about the war
THEMES
war
the nature of love
loyalty
STYLE
first-person narrator
straightforward and simple language
free direct speech