Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Revolution Begins
Changes that favored IR
Agricultural improvements
Preindustrial societies
Crop rotation
Seed drill
Better food -- better health -- better workers
Growth of technology
Mechanization: Factory systems (water frame and spinnin jenny), p.e. British Cottage Industry System
Interchangeable parts
Specialization of labor
Why in Britain?
Mineral resources (coal, iron)
Resources from colonies (investros and raw materials)
Abundant rivers
Strong fleets
Protection of private property
Growing population and urbanization
- Industrialization spreads
Characteristics for spread: Capital, natural resources and water transportation
Spread sequence: Belgium, France, germany, USA, Japan and Russia
Shifts in manufacturing
Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia
iron works in India
Textile production in India and Egypt
- Technology in the industrial age or Industrial Revolution 2.0
Transition to developments in steel, chemicals (oil), precision machinery and electronics (radio, phone, electricity, communication techs)
Industrial Revolution 1.0:
Steam power, Iron and textiles
Global trade and migration because of better and faster communication and transportation as well
Government´s role
Main issue was preservation of culture (mainly in Asia) Vs modernization
Weak governments were related to worse modernization (China, Ottoman Empire)
Japan transition to a modern country take less than half a century (fastest in world) led by the Melji restoration. Even Japanese companies such as Toyota led the industrialization processes in the modern world
Economic developments and innovation
Summary of hanges in economic systems, ideologies and institutions
On Business Organizations
On Mass Culture
Birth of monopoly
Transnational companies
Consumerism
Leisure activities
Reactions to the Industrial Economy based on economic change and transformation of labor
Labor Unions, voting rights and child labor regulation
Intellectual reaction against capitalism (utopian socialism) - Rise of Marxism and Reform Movements
Society and Industrial Age
Industrialization created new social hierarchies and a new way of living
Rise of the Middle-Class
Farm Vs factory workers (urbanization)
Change of women´s labor and conditions
Pollution and air contamination
Increase of global inequalities
Industrial Revolution 2.0. Technologies that changed the world by mass production, urbanization, trading and social dynamics