Group psychology
social action (considers just the individual)
bystander effect
social loafing: reduce effort in a group setting
deindividualization
peer pressure
social facilitation
Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation 
low arousal -> perform well in complex tasks
high arousal -> perform well in simple tasks
mob mentality: loss of one's self-awareness in a group setting
incr. homogeneity -> incr. deindividulization
antinormative behavior is likely
relying on cues from others
degree of emergency
less likely to notice
degree of responsibility (competency of the bystander)
cohesiveness of the group
risky behaviors
identity shift: individual conform to the norms of the group
internal conflict
cognitive dissonance: simultaneous presence of two opposing opinions
Solomon Asch's conformity experiment: urge toward conformity could outweigh the desire to be correct
social interaction (considers two or more individuals)
group polarization: tendency for group ideas to go to extremes / can also shift toward more caution
group think: desire for harmony leads to a poor decision
risky shift: make more extreme decision than individuals
choice shift: similar concept as group polarization but refers to measured changes
Irving Janis
pressure for conformity
self-censorship: individuals withholding ideas
illusion of morality (high trust in group's idea being moral)
illusion of unanimity (belief in the absence of disagreement)
collective rationalization (ignore contradicting opinions)
mind guards (some members taking on the role to protect the group from opposing ideas)
illusion of invulnerability (too optimisitc)
fad: transiently viewed as popular by a community (trend lasts longer)
mass hysteria: shared, intense concern about the threats to society
culture: learned by living in a society
multiculturalism (coexisting)
assimilation (melting pot)
slowed by ethnic enclaves (concentration of one specific culture)
uneven merge
cultural diversity / cultural mosaic
subcultures: distinguish themselves from their primary culture
counterculture: subculture group gravities toward an identity that opposes the majority culture
Socialization
collective processes
cultural diffusion: exchanged between cultures
cultural transmission / cultural learning: passed down from one generation to the next
categories
secondary socialization: learned in various contexts that are not home
primary socialization: childhood; learned from caregivers
individual processes
resocialization: discards old behaviors in favor of new ones
anticipatory socialization: prepares for future changes (i.e. occupations, living environments)
Norms: acceptable behavior
Mores: widely observed social norms
social control
sanctions
informal & formal
positive (reward) & negative (punishment)
Deviance: any act that goes against norms
Social stigma: extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group
role engulfment: internalizing a label and assuming the role implied by the label that can take over a person's identity
differential association theory: deviance can be learned through interactions with others (ideals that adhere to norms vs. ideals that go against)
labeling theory: labels given to a person affect not only how other respond to that labeled group, but also that group's self-image
strain theory: deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goal sand social structure
conformity / majority influence
obedience v.s compliance: obedience involves an authority figure while compliance does not
compliance
normative conformity: desire to fit into a group bc of fear of rejection
identification: publicly agreeing w/o personally accepting
internalization: publicly and privately agreeing
Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment
door-in-the-face: starts w a big request that the responder would likely reject and then make a smaller request, which is actually the purpose
foot-in-door: starts small and then make big request
lowball technique: get an initial commitment from the responder and then raise the cost of the commitment
that's-not-all technique: the responder is made an offer, but before making a decision, is told the deal is even better
Stanley Milgram's shock experiment
more than 60% ppl will obey even if they do not wish to continue
Attitudes and behavior
components (ABC)
behavioral: action
cognitive: justification
affective: feeling
Theories
learning theory: attitude developed through different forms of learning
elaborative likelihood model: separates individuals on a continuum based on how they process persuasive information
functional attitudes theory
social cognitive theory: behavior is not learned by trial and error, but develops through direct observation and replication of the actions of others.
ego-expressive: communicate and solidify our self-identity
adaptive attitude: expressed socially acceptable attitudes will lead to acceptance
knowledge function: organization of thoughts and experiences; prediction
ego-defensive: protect our self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong
classical conditioning; operant conditioning; observational conditioning
central route processing / persuation
deep analytical thinking ex. scientific paper
peripheral route processing / persuation
superficial details