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Science Study checklist :male-scientist: - Coggle Diagram
Science Study checklist :male-scientist:
Living things
living things can reproduce
Vertibrae - have a backbone
living things react to their enviroment
Invertibrae - no backbone
Living things need food
Particle theory
Solids - cannot flow, cannot be compressed, definite volume, definite shape
Liquid - can flow, can be compressed, definite volume, no definite shape
Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass
Gases - Can flow, can be compressed, no definite shape, no definite volume
Changes of state
Condensation - particles lose energy and they move closer together forming a liquid
Diffusion - this is when particles form an area of High concentration move to an area with low concentration
Boiling - particles in the liquid gain energy and move away from eachother. the particles in the gas require more energy. then they randomly move in all directions
Freezing - particles have no energy so they are tightly packed together and cannot move
Melting - particles in the solid gain energy and move away from eachother
Animal Cell
nucleus
Chromozones
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
The Big Bang - how our universe began
Dark matter - invisible but reveals its existance via gravity, makes up 23% of the universe
Hubbles law - galaxies are constantly moving away from eachother
Hubble space telescope - launched in 1990
Singularity - a single planet in space that is very small, very hot, and very dense
Black holes - place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out
The big bang took place 13.8 Billion years ago
Making accurate measurements
measuring longer distances - trundle wheel
Area - amount of surface enclosed within its lines
callipers can be used to measure the internal and external diameter of an object.
Density and Floatation
Density = Mass over Volume
Mass = Density x Volume
Density - Tells us how much mas is packed into a particular volume
Volume = Mass over Density
The Origins of Living things
Large scale evolution - changes that cause new species to form e.g dinosaurs into birds / galapagos
small scale evolution - small changes over time to a species, but it doesnt create new ones. e.g - peppered moth
Evolution - Gradual changes that occur in a species over many generations
Galaxies, stars and the solar system
what are nuclear reactions? nuclear reactions occur between 2 hydrogen atoms
Life cycle of a star 1. Formation 2. Stable period 3. the red giant 4. the white dwarf
what is a star? a star is a luminous object made up from gas that can produce its own light and heat
Comets, asteroids and meteors
Comet - Ball of ice that move around in outer space
Asteroid - Small rocky ball orbiting the sun
Meteor - Small body of matter that enters the earths atmosphere
Meteorite - Small meteor
Particles in a solution
Solution - Is the mixture of the solvent and solute
soluble - solids that dissolve in water e.g salt
Solute - Is the solid which is dissolved by the liquid
insoluble - solids that dont dissolve in water e.g pasta
Solvent - As the liquid in which the solute dissolves
Solution - when a substance dissolves in a liquid, its particles slip into the gaps between the particles of a liquid and they become completely mixed up together.
Measuring Speed and Acceleration
Speed distance time traingle
Structure of an atom
neutron , 0 charge, 1 mass, Located in the Nucleus
Electron -1 charge, Negligible mass, Located in the shells
proton , +1 charge, 1 mass, Located in the Nucleus
Rule : Only 2 electrons on the first shell, then 8 on every other one
The atom = the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element
Atomic number = Nr of protons
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Mass number = protons + neutrons
Reproduction
Fertilisation - The joining of a male and female geneties
Characteristics - A trait or a feature of an individual that distinguishes them
Zygote - a single cell that results from the joining of a sperm and egg
Variation - a difference between one organism and another
Sexual reproduction - Two sex cells joining together
Dominant - the Version of a gene that prevents the other from working
Asexual reproduction - new individuals formed by only 1 parent
Recessive - the version of a gene that is prevented from working by another version
Genes - A structure on a chromosome that controls the characteristics
Chromozones - thread like structure in the nucleus
Force, Power, work and pressure
Movement of a force - when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
Work - activity involving mental or physical effort
Force - Strength or Energy as an attribute of physical action or movement
Pressure - continuous physical force exerted on or against an object
Extension - A part that is added to enlarge or prolong it
Power - the ability to do something in a particular way
Amperes= I= V/R
Volts = V=I x R
Ohms= R= V/I
Path of Food - digestion
Too much water - Constipation
Large intestine - to take water from the liquid waste into the blood.
Too little water - diarrhoea
small intestine - 2 functions, digestion and absorption
oesophagus - takes food from the mouth to the stomach
Digestion - Is the breakdown of food - begins in the mouth
chemical digestion - the body digesting the food
Physical digestion - digestion by the mouth
Acids and Bases
Alkalis - Bases that dissolve in water
PH Scale - 0 Highly acidic - 7 water - 14 highly Basic
Bases are the opposite of acids. many are as corrosive and as dangerous as acids. - Toothpaste, Bleach, Limewater, Sodium Hydroxide
acids are usually in foods and have a sharp, sour taste - Lemon, vinegar, Hydrochloric acid
Periodic table
Group 2 - The Alkali earth metals
Group 1 - Alkali Metals
The rest dont matter (Like Cuan's existence)
Dmitri Mendeleev - made it
Breathing System
Bronchiole
Aveolus
Trachea/Windpipe
Diaphram
Nose
Factors affecting human health
Inherited - Genes, Gender
Enviromental - Climate, Education
Personal - Diet, Hygene
Balanced diet - a diet containing the right amount of food from each of the 6 types of food.
Rates of reactions
Fast - Explosion
Catalyst - A catalyst alters the rate of reaction
Slow - rusting of Iron
What alters the rate of reaction?
Temperature
Surface area
Stirring
Concentration
To the moon and beyond
Europa
Ganymede
Io
Titan
Phobos
Solar Eclipse - when the moon passes between the sun and earth
Lunar Eclipse - When the earth passes between the moon and sun
Human Reproduction
Scrotum
Sperm duct
Testis
Semen
Penis
Cervix
Ovary
Vagina
Uterus
