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GENE FAMILIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - plasticity of the genome
        
        they cannot move so, in order to adapt to the environmental condiitons, so in the genome they have many more regulatory mechanisms especially at the transcriptional level
- - - - sub-functionalization: same function but in different parts (⤳ in two different tissues)
        neo-functionalization: one copy has a new function
- - - - MADS type I
        
        simpler gene structure lacking of the K domain
      - MADS type II
        
        MEF2(animals and yeast) and MIKC-type (plants)
        
        MIKC-type
        
        conserved domains: MADS-box, Intervening (I) domain, Keratin (K) domain, C-terminal (C) domain
        
        MIKCc
        
        based on sequence divergence at the I domain
        
        best characterized group of MADS box genes and they have been involved in essential and diverse functions related to plant growth and development
        
        MIKC*
    - - Redundancy
        
        There is a main gene duplication and then we have gene families during evolution.
        We have two genes that almost completely the same (redundant). Redundancy is possible only when the genes are expressed in the same tissue (same expression profile), so we have to look at the expression profile.
        Expression profile: there are some genes that have some introns, and others do not
      - Position on the chromosome
        
        If the duplication is very young they tend to be in tandem, while old gene families are distributed in the whole genome
        
        Chromosome I and V are highly covered with the MADs genes, while chromosome III is less covered.The MIKCs have a distribution over the whole genome, while the other types (like the green) are clusters and this is typical for recent duplications
      - these considerations are important for reverse genetics
        
        reverse genetics is becoming more common
        
        SEP genes
        
        SHP mutants