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River Landscapes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - when it rains fro a long time so the land around the river can becomes saturated so water can no longer be soaked up, so surface run off occurs
    - - less chance of infiltration so it runs off into the river causesit to reach the river faster, increasing its chances of flooding
    - - Permeable rocks allow water to pass through pores and cracks, whereas impermeable rocks do not
- - - - rolling of boulders and pebbles along the river bed
    - - particles bouncing down the river bed
    - - fine solid material held in the water while the water is moving
    - - soluble particles that are dissolved into the river
  - - - the force of the river against the banks that cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices
      - pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away
    - - rocks carried along by the river that wear down the river bed and banks
    - - rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder particles
      - sandpaper effect
    - - soluble particles that are dissolved into the river
    - - sideways erosion by a river on the outside of a meander channel
      - eventually leads to the widening of the valley and contributes to the formation of the flood plain
    - - downward erosion of the river bed
- - - - a pronounced bend in a river
    - - an arc shaped lakes which has been cut off from a meandering river
  - - - a series of ridges projecting out, on alternative sides of a vallet and around which a river winds its course
    - - sudden descent of a river or stream over a vertical or very steep slope in its bed
      - forms where river meets a band of softer rock after flowing over an area of more resistant material
    - - a narrow, steep sided valley, often formed as a waterfall retreats upstream
  - - - relatively flat area forming the valley floor on either side of a river channel which is sometimes flooded
    - - tidal mouth of a river where it meets the sea
      - wide banks od depositied mud are exposed at low tides
    - - embankment of sediment along the bank of a river
      - can be formed naturally by regular flooding or be built up by people to protect the area against flooding
- - - - land near the river that often floods does not get built on
      - for pastoral farming, playing fields etc
      - areas that rarely get flooded will be industrialised instead
  - - - removing meanders from a river to make the river straighter
      - allows the river to carty more water quickly downstream, so it doesn't build up and is less likely to flood
    - - a barrier built across a valey to interrupt river flow and create a man made lake
      - stores water and controls the discharge of the river
    - - raised banks constructed along the river
      - make the river deeper so it can hold mroe water
      - expensive
      - do not look natural
      - protect the land around them
    - - building new artifical channels that are used when a river is close to maximum discharge
      - take pressure off the main channels when floods are likely, therefore reducing flood risk