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LU 6: Cognition and Language - Coggle Diagram
LU 6: Cognition and Language
Attention and Categorization
preattentive processing
attentive processing
shifting attention--negative priming
attention limits over space and time
change blindness
the attentional blink
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); easy distraction, impulsiveness, moodiness, jump from task to task, fidgetiness
categorization
prototypes
conceptual networks and priming
mental hierarchy; upper levels are the common, broadly shared characteristics, lower levels are the more distinctive or special characteristics
spreading activation
Solving Problems, Making Decisions and Thinking
problem solving
algorithms
heuristics
reasoning
the representativeness heuristic
base-rate information
the availability heuristic
insights
common errors in human cognition
overconfidence; believe answers are more accurate than they are, accomplishments
premature commitment to a hypothesis
functional fixedness
decision making
maximize
satisfy
conscious decisions; focused on one aspect
unconscious processing; advantageous choice and greater satisfaction with the decision in the long run
expertise
experts; abilities are advanced
practice effects; advanced abilities associated with learning at a younger age in concentrated practice, 10 years of concentrated practice (expertise)
expert pattern recognition
Language
transformational grammar
animal language
Washoe the chimp--Bonobo chimpanzees (show great facility with sign language)
language and general intelligence; language ability may not equal intelligence
language learning as a specialized capacity
nativists (Chomsky and Pinker)-language acquisition device/language instinct
language and the human brain
Broca's area
Wernike's area
aphasia
stages of language development
no exposure to language
bilingual; exposure to two languages
reading; context for interpretation--word-superiority effect
eye motion
fixations and saccades
phonemes
morphemes