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Endocrine system Kirsten Berg P5 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine system Kirsten Berg P5
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions
Thoracic
thyroid gland
calcitonin
lowers blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions when
they are too high
Thyroxine (T4)
Increases rate of energy release
from carbohydrates;
Triiodothyronine (T3)
five times
more potent than thyroxine
thymus
gland
producing immune cells
parathyroid glands
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
PTH increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate ion
concentration
Abdomen/ Pelvic
adrenal glands
norepinephrine
epinephrine
Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
helps regulate mineral/electrolyte balance
Cortisol
inhibits protein synthesis, which increases blood amino acids
reproductive glands
testes
testosterone
ovaries
estrogen and progesterone
pancreas
endocrine gland
digestive juice
exocrine gland
control level of blood glucose
Pancreatic Islets
Glucagon
Increases the blood level of glucose
Insulin
Decreases the blood level of glucose
Cranial
Hypothalamus
controls the activity of the pituitary gland
pituitary gland
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)
Causes the kidneys to conserve water, and reduces amount of
water excreted in the urine
Oxytocin (OT)
Stretching of the uterus in the latter stages of pregnancy
stimulates release of oxytocin
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (Thyrotropin or TSH)
Controls the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland
Prolactin (PRL)
Promotes milk production following the birth of an infant
Growth Hormone (GH)
Stimulates body cells to grow and reproduce
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Controls the secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex
Gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
affect the female (ovaries) gonads
luteinizing hormone (LH)
affect the male (testes)
pineal gland
produce and secrete the hormone melatonin
passes around infomation
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
Negative feedback
Release of hormones from the hypothalamus controls
secretions of the anterior pituitary
hormone levels remain fairly constant, fluctuating
within a normal average range
Positive feedback
hormone levels are not constant, fluctuating
over the average amount that is not regulating
steroid vs. non-steroid hormones
Steroid
derived from
cholesterol
testosterone
Estrogen
cortisol
aldosterone
lipid-soluble
Non-Steroid
produced from amino acids
Amines
thyroid
hormones
epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Peptides
Antidiuretic hormone,
thyrotropin-
releasing hormone
oxytocin
Polypeptides and proteins
prolactin
growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Glycoproteins
thyroid-
stimulating hormone
Luteinizing
hormone
Follicle-stimulating
hormone
Major functions of the endocrine system
Regulates homeostasis
regulates the amount of metabolic process
secretes hormones
helps response to stress.
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Pituitary dwarfism
GH deficiency during childhood
Gigantism
GH oversecretion during childhood
Acromegaly
GH oversecretion in adulthood
Diabetes insipidus
insufficient ADH
Addison disease
hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids
Cushing syndrome
hypersecretion of adrenal cortical
hormones
Diabetes Mellitus
lack of insulin or the inability of cells to
recognize insulin
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,
NIDDM)