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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The original accumulation
Entry of precius metals from America. Profits of slaves trade. Commercce in the world system.
"THE ACCUMULATION ORIGINATING". The growth of capital available for the development of capitalism.
-Marx. Group of bankers & merchants --> entrepreneurs emerged ( individuals that assume not personal economic risks)
The paper of the entrepreneur consists of assuming that risk. This is unknown ------> possibility of obtaining gains or suffer losses.
The original accumulation consist on other process such as: + expulsion of peasants from rural areas. Feudal lords --> sold their land.
Key element of capitalism:
initiation of activity to obtain benefits in the future.
The Industrial Revolution
Other countries ------> Industrial Revolution
USA
Western Europe
Spread:
England
Mid from the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th.
Introduction of machinery --> moved to steam (replaced manual labor)
Iron, steam and machines
Pillars of the industrial revolution. 1. mechanization of the textile industries. 2. development of iron processing. 3. introduction of the steam engine. machine. The Spinning Jenny (eight-coil spinning machine)
1733 --> the loom had been mechanized. John Kay (British), flying shuttle --> greatly increased the fabric speed. 1764 - James Hargreaves (English ). Reduced the amount of work required, as it gave a single worker the ability to produce yarn on eight reels at once. 1786 - Edmund Cartwright (British), the first mechanical loom.
When these mechanizations were united with the driving force produced by the steam engine (invented by James Watt and built in 1774 and consisting of an external combustion engine that transformed the thermal energy of water vapour into mechanical energy), an exponential growth of textile production occurred.
The development of capitalism
This growth was possible thanks to the original accumulation of capital and the reinvestment of the profits of private entrepreneurs, which expanded their facilities to generate more growth.
The industrialization was thus becoming generalized. The labor required by the industries was available in the large neighborhoods of the main cities.
The workers were given very long working hours, of 14 or 16 hours, with low salaries. Children and women were employed to pay even less.
Protestan Reformation
German - Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Renaissance and Scientific Revolution
Religious movement (separation of the Catholic
Church from hundreds of thousands of Christians)
John Calvin (1509-1564)
Swiss Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
King Henry VIII (1491-1547)
Decided to separate the whole Church of England from the obedience of the pope
