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Endocrine by Klaus Ramirez period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine by Klaus Ramirez period 5
Major Functions
Endocrine gland
secretes hormones into body fluids to affect target cells
Exocrine glands
; secrete product into ducts, outide the internal enviroment.
Certain glands secrete messenger molecules that never reach the bloodstream ("Local Hormones")
Endocrine glands and their hormones regulate a number of
metabolic processes
within cells
Major endocrine glands/organs
Pancreas
; Located in the abdomen, part of the digestive system and produces insulin and enzymes.
Pineal gland
; Regulates some hormones, including melatonin
Adrenal gland
; located on the top of both kidneys, produces hormones that help regulate metabolism
Parathyroid gland
; Found behind the thyroid gland, and produces parathyroid hormone, which increases levels of calcium in the blood.
Reproductive organs
Ovaries
; (female glands) Produces estrogen and progesterone. These hormones help with female traits, such as breast developments and body hair, and menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Testes
; Produce sperm and the testosterone hormone.
Thyroid gland
; Produces T3 and T4, and affect all aspects of metabolism. Located below the adamś apple
Kidney
; Located on top of both kidneys. Produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system and blood pressure.
Pituitary gland
;
Thymus gland
; Located behind the breast bone, key role in immunity and producing immune cells.
Steroid vs Non-Steroid hormones
Steroid Hormones
; They are lipid-soluble, so they can pass through cell membranes. They're carried through the bloodstream and weakly bound to plasma proteins.
The protein receptors are located inside the target cell.
Transports proteins
The hormone receptor complex binds with the DNA and activated specific genes that, in turn, direct the synthesis of specific proteins
May function as enzymes
Non-steroid Hormones
; Combine with receptors in target cell membranes; the receptors have a binding site and an activity site.
The hormone is called the first messenger
The chemical in the cell that responds to binding of the hormone and causes the change in cell, is called the second messenger.
The cascade of biological activity through the cell membrane to the inside beginning with the binding of hormone, called the signal transduction.
Diseases associated with Endocrine
Type I and II Diabetes
;
(Type I)
; is an autoimmune disorder, in which beta cells are destroyed, so insulin production decreases or stop.
(Type II)
is when insulin is produced but is not recognized by cells
Gigantism, dwarfism, etc.
; When not enough or too much growth hormone is released, diseases like gigantism (inscrease in growth hormone) or dwarfism (decrease in growth hormone) occur.
Homeostatic mechanisms
; The four components of homeostasis are
a change, a receptor, a control center and an effector
.
The hypothalamus is the link between endocrine and nervous system. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which regulares production of other hormones with positive and negative feedback