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Elyza Vivar Per.5 Endocrine system - Coggle Diagram
Elyza Vivar Per.5 Endocrine system
Major functions of the endocrine system
Works with nervous system to maintain homeostasis
Made up of cells, tissues, and organs called endocrine glands
Hormones diffuse into bloodstream and out of specific target cells
Glands and hormones regulate metabolic processes with in cells and the whole body
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
Pituitary Gland
: Located in the cranial cavity,triggers certain organs to do specific jobs and to control water and sodium in our body
Thyroid Gland
: Located in the anterior neck; secretes hormones that control our metabolism and clacium
Parathyroid
: Posterior of thyroid; also raises and lowers our calcium in the blood
Adrenal
: Superior to the kidneys, secretes hormones to control our sodium and our flight-or-flight response
Pancreas
: Located in pelvic cavity and controls blood sugar
Pineal Gland
: Located in cranial cavity and secretes melatonin
Reproductive Glands
: Located in pelvic cavity and affect male and female development
Kidneys
: Located superior to pancreas and secrete erythropoietin for production of blood cells
Thymus
: Located behind sternum and is the temporary immune system in kids
Include the hormones produced, their functions and their target organs
Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Growth Hormone (GH)
- Stimulates body cells to grow and reproduce
Target Cells
- Muscles, bones, etc.
Prolactin
- Promotes milk production
Target Organ
- Mammary Gland
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- controls secretion of thyroid hormones
Target Organ
- Thyroid Gland
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Controls hormones from the adrenal cortex
Target Organ
- Adrenal Cortex
Gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
- Affect the male and female gonads
Target Organs
- Male and Female reproductive system
Posterior
Artidiurectic Hormone (ADH)- causes kidneys to conserve water
Target Organ**- Kidney
Oxytocin (OT)
-Contracts muscles in the uterine wall
Target Organ
- Uterus
Thyroid Gland
Thyroxine (T4)
-Increases rate of energy release and accelerates growth
Target Cells
-All tissues
Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Same as above but x5
Calcitonin
-Lowers blood calcium
Target Cells
- Bone cells
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Hormones (PTH)
-Increases blood calcium ion concentration
Target Cells
-Bone cells
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine And Norepinephrine
- used in times of stress are for fight-or flight
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone
-Regulates sodium
Target Organl
- Kidney
Cortisol
-Is induced by stress;regulates glucose metabolism
Target Organ
-Liver
Steroid vs. Non-Steroid Hormones
Steroid
-Lipid-soluble so it can pass through the cell membrane
-new protein may function as an enzyme
-binding sites are located inside and outside the cell
Estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, and cortisol
Substances which are derived from cholesterol
Non-steroid
-combine with receptors in target cell membranes
-the receptors have a binding cite and an activity site
-the binding sites are only located outside of the cell
Norepinephrine, epiniphrine, and thyroid hormones
Amines, peptides, proteins, or glycoprotiens, which are produced from amino acids
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Negative feedback
- as the hormone exerts its affects further secretion is inhibited by negative feedback, then decreases
A negative feedback mechanism involving blood level regulates release of PTH
Positive Feedback
- Hormones will start to be secreted as a reaction of not enough hormones
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Pituitary Dwarfism- due to GH deficiency during childhood
Gigantism- due to GH over secretion during childhood
Acromegaly- due to GH over secretion in adulthood
Diabetes insipidus- is a condition resulting from ADH
Hypothyroid- Under activity of the thyroid gland
Cretinism- In infants; causes poor growth and bone formation
Hyperthyroidism- Over activity of the thyroid
Hypoparathyroidism- deficiency of PTH; results in a decrease in blood calcium
Hyperparathyroidism- excess of PTH; results to an increase in blood calcium
Addison disease- hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids
Cushing disease- hyper-secretionof adrenal cortical hormones
Type 1 diabetes- insulin decreases or stops
Type 2 diabetes- Insulin is produced but not recognized by cells