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Endocrine Jackie Hernandez P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine Jackie Hernandez P.5
Diseases
Parathyroid Hormone
Hypoparatyroidism
low blood calcium
PTH deficiency (surgical removal)
hyperparatyroidism
excess PTH (parathyroid tumor)
High blood calcium
Throid
Hypertyroidism
high metabolic rate, restlessness, + overeating in adults
Hypothroidism
Infants: cause poor growth+ bone formation
low metabolic rate, fatigue+ weight gain
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1
autoimmune disorder
Beta cells are destroyed, insulin production decreases/stops
Type 2
insulin isn't recognized
Hormones, their function and target organs
Adrenocorticopic
Target: Adrenal cortex
Stress increases CRH, decreases ACTH
Antiduertic
Kidneys to reserve water
luterinizing
Target: Ovaries + testes
releases egg cells in females
Follicle-stimulating
Target: ovaries + testes
Females= eggs, male=sperm
Thyroid-stimulating
Target: thyroid gland
blood concentration of thyroid hormones increase
Pancreas
Glucagon
controlled by negative feed back + increases blood sugar
insulin
lowers blood sugar
Growth hormone
Target:bones. muscle + joints
Promotes body cell growth
Parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone
stimulates bone resorption
increases blood calcium
kidneys stimulate to conserve calcium
Target: Bones, kidneys, and intestines
prolactin
Target:mammary gland
promotes milk production
Thyroid
Thyroxine(T4)
Target: Most tissues
Accelerates growth+increases energy release
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Same as T4 just 5x more potent
Calcitonin
Target:Bone
Lowers blood concentration
oxytocin
contracts muscle in uterine wall
Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
causes kidneys to conserve sodium
Cortisol
promotes fatty acids to release adipose tissue
Major endocrine glands/organs
Adrenal gland
enclosed layer of adipose + connective tissue
Pancreas
secretes hormones as an endocrine gland
Reproductive glands
testes
produces testosterone
Placenta
produces estrogen,progesterone + gonadotropin
ovaries
produce estrogen+ progesterone
Parathyroid gland
increases blood calcium concentration ions
Kidneys
secretes erthropoeith for blood cell production
Thyroid gland
regulates blood calcium levels + bone growth
Thymus gland
secretes thymosines that affect production+differentiation of T lymphocytes
Pituitary Gland
hormones are released and inhibited from the hypothalamus
Steroid Vs Non-steroid comparison
Steroid
lipid-soluble
carried in blood stream
located in target cell
Non-steroid
hormones called 1st messenger
2nd messenger cause cell changes
combine with cell receptors in target cells
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
Negative
NS influences certain endocrine glands directly
controls hormone release
releases hormones from hypothalamus
Major Functions of the endocrine system
maintain homeostasis
two main glands
endocrine
exocrine
hormones diffuse into our bloodstream