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LOGISTICS’ ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC AND INTEGRATION ISSUES - Coggle Diagram
LOGISTICS’ ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC AND INTEGRATION ISSUES
Packaging issues in food processing
Food processors are concerned primarily with the packing operation
Their emphasis is on the cost and quality of incoming packaging materials, controlling the quality and productivity of the packing/filling process, hygiene and mechanisation.
Financial incentive for manufacturers to recycle or reuse the shipping containers and pallets
Transport issues
Packaging protection during transportation is so important that shock and vibration testing is often called ‘transit testing’.
Damage that occurs during transit is particularly noticeable and well documented because of the relationship of carriers to the logistical system.
The carrier is liable unless it can plead a common law defence and blame it on the shipper
Warehousing issues
Traditional warehouse order picking can be considered as a packaging operation
Productivity of warehousing is important as order picking and materials handling are labour-intensive
Cases or orders picked per hour, trucks loaded or unloaded per hour, and pallets received and put away per hour are examples of warehousing productivity measures.
Retail customer service issues
The package needs to be opened easily without damaging the contents.
Handling and the unpackaging operation should be quick and efficient, and reclosure may be desired. The product should be easy to identify, and the packagemay be required to display or provide special instructions for installing and using the product.
The package should minimise the customer’s cost of disposal.
Waste issues
The cost for discarding shipping containers is generally paid by logistical customers like retailers
Besides the environmental impact, disposal is costly and can severely reduce a customer’s
productivity.
Each strategy – reducing, reusing and recycling – has an economic impact beyond disposal
costs. Reduction of packaging materials also reduces package purchase costs
Supply chain integration issues
Food can be prepared from commodities at any point in the channel, from the grower’s facility to the consumer’s kitchen.
Postponement – waiting until the last minute to prepare the food – may not require the package to extend the shelf life beyond a few minutes.
Speculation strategies require the most packaging, since food is prepared early in the channel and the package is expected to add a longer shelf life.
More concerns
Temperature
-For food products, important to maintain a constant temperature throughout the supply chain.
Packages for extreme logistical systems, like those for the military and disaster relief food aid, are especially critical