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WORLD ENGLISHES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - that comes from
        
        long term-colonies
  - - - phases without dates
      - lexicon diffucult to date
      - gradual changes
    - - first diaspora
        
        Migrations
        
        North America, Australia, New Zealand
        
        Caribbean
        
        17th and 18th century
        
        New varieties of ENL
      - second diaspora
        
        Colonization
        
        18th and 19th century
        
        trade colonies in West Africa
        
        Slave trade in Nigeria, Ghana
        
        India, Singapore
        
        Spread of ESL
      - Limitations
        
        not connected to the actual spread
        
        chronologically incorrect
- - - - English as a Native Language
        
        native accent
        
        birth right
        
        little enthusiasm to learn foreign language
  - - - English as a Second Language
        
        colonial legacy
        
        English is the official language is certain domains
        
        Public domain
        
        Administration
        
        Education
    - - New Englishes
  - - - English as a Foreign Language
  - - - Categorization of speakers
      - Awareness of World Englishes
      - Commonly used
    - - too focused on colonial history
      - complex realities not included
      - Monolithic view
        
        English as a property of ENL speakers
        
        Proficiency ignored
- - - - diplomacy, international gatherings, organisations
    - - 75% of all mails
      - Most widely taught foreign language
  - - - Language-external qualities
        
        Imperialism
        
        global power of USA
        
        Globalization
        
        Not for language-internal qualities
        
        "at the right place at the right time"
- - - - mutual intelligibility
      - communicative process
      - what speakers do with the language
    - - 1 billion EFL