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Types of biological transports - Coggle Diagram
Types of biological transports
Passive Transport
Types of gradient involved
Electrical
Concentration
Moving along the gradient
Doesn't require energy
Different types
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
When molecule needs another protein to transport it
Even when concentration is equal, molecules still move across the cell membrane
Things:
That use passive transport:
Small, nonpolar molecules
That don't
Those that the membrane doesn't like
Active Transport:
Moving against the gradients
Requires energy
Types of gradient involved
Concentration
Electrical
Misconception:
Active transport isn't facilitated diffusion
It uses carrier and not channel proteins
Bulk transport:
Phagocytosis
Membrane engulfing large things
"Phago" is ancient Greeks for "eat"
Process
The object touches the membrane and starts pressing inside
The membrane begins to form a layer around that object, further letting it inside
The object's membrane is separated from the cell membrane once it is inside
Pinocytosis
Membrane "drinking" in substance
"Pino" is ancient Greeks for "drink"
Process:
Same for phagocytosis, except for this time, the object is liquid
Object is covered in vesicles
Transportation of large particles in and out of cell
Endocytosis:
Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are forms of endocytosis
General term for the process of the cell "consuming" some large particles
Haven't been fully understood
Exocytosis
How cell gets large things out
Reversed endocytosis
Process
Rough E.R. produces vesicles
Those vesicles carry waste to the Golgi apparatus
The vesicles disintegrate into the Golgi apparatus, releasing the waste into it
The Golgi apparatus creates new vesicles, and put the waste into them
The vesicles then travel to the membrane, fuse with it, and consequently release the waste outside
Special case: Kiss-and-run method
The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, release some of the waste, and then defuse. Some of the waste are still in them
When the vesicles fuse to the membrane, they add to the membrane
Vesicles are guided by micro-filaments that act like road to lead them to the cell membrane
There're motor proteins that use ATP to push the vesicles
Particles that are released during exocytosis
Wastes
Signaling proteins
Uses:
Takes in large nutrients
Release signaling molecules
Selectively takes in some molecules
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Endocytosis that uses receptors to target a specific molecule
Allows cell to takes up rare molecules
Viruses go into cell by this way