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KHUNS CYCLE, Pre-Paradigm Phase - Coggle Diagram

- - - - CRISIS
        
        REVOLUTION
        
        quantitative revolution and functional approach in geography
        
        free observation of former data and speculation
        
        POSSIBILISM - VIDAL DE LABALCHE - French school of regional geography
        
        accept and co-exist
        
        eg: determinism and possibilism
        
        break the continuity of research
        
        man is not a passive agent
    - - cause and effect - Determinism
      - used to postulate hypothesis to verify empirical laws through experiment
      - eg : evolution of landforms, normal cycle of erosion, hartland theory of Davis and Mackinder