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Ways to Reduce the Impacts of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, image, image,…

- - - - Educate the people living in earthquake prone zone on the ways to survive
      - Perform drills to practice the methods of escaping in earthquakes
      - Warnings before earthquakes for evacuating the people
      - Prepare first aid kits and emergency food if living in earthquake prone zone
    - - Predictions can be done by using seismometers to monitor earth tremors.
      - Have a well equipped and trained rescue team can reduce the number of death
      - Setting up evacuation zones and hazard mapping can reduce the impacts of earthquakes
    - - Use steel frames that can sway during earth movements.
      - Change to Lightweight roofs and safety glass designed to reduce damage and injury.
      - Put rubber shock absorbers in the foundations of buildings to absorb the earth tremors.
      - wire mesh retrofitting, are used in rural areas and developing countries due to its low cost
  - - - Move away from the disaster zone as soon as possible
      - Follow the instructions from authorities through radio
      - Be prepared for after shocks
      - Treat the injured people adequately and move the dead bodies away to avoid the spreading of diseases
      - Stay away from coasts and mountainous area due to the chance of tsunamis and landslides occurring
      - Nuclear leaks need to be treated in the japan earthquake of 2011
    - - Alternate shelter should be kept for the people who had been rescued
      - Emergency services like medical facilities, ambulance, police, fire department must be alerted to immediate help
      - rescue responses can be carried out quickly, efficiently and orderly to reduce the damage and economical loss
- - - - Educate the people on the danger of volcanic eruption
      - Evacuation drills are performed regularly
      - prior warning given before an eruption
      - Assembling an emergency preparedness kit
      - Creating a household evacuation plan that includes your pets
      - Staying informed about your community’s response plans
      - Ensuring each family member knows how to get back in touch if you are separated during an emergency.
    - - thermal imaging allows a camera to monitor heat sources within the crust or volcano so it can predict the onset of an eruption
      - infrared camera imagery can show the magma chamber and any build-up of hot gases, steam or lava
      - tiltmeters and global positioning systems (GPS) satellites can monitor any changes in landscape because volcanoes tend to swell before an eruption
      - measuring temperature of the volcano because volcanoes become hotter when magma starts to rise through the main vent
      - looking at previous eruptions, scientists can identify patterns of activity to predict the next eruption
  - - - Pay attention to warnings, and obey instructions from local authorities.
      - Listen to local news updates for information about air quality, drinking water, and roads.
    - - Emergency food, clean water, first aid kits and shelters are given to families in the Mount Semeru volcano eruption
    - - Stay indoor with windows and doors closed.
      - Wear long sleeved shirts and long pants
      - Use goggles to protect eyes
      - Wear masks because the ash is harmful to the respiratory tract
      - Keep car engines switched off
    - - Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream from the volcano
      - Avoid coaster regions in case of tsunamis
      - Be aware of lahars forming, go to high grounds once in the danger prone zone or follow the local evacuation route
      - Lahars are very destructive as seen in the Mount St. Helens eruption on May 18, 1980