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07 Endocrine System - Jaden Ross P.6 - Coggle Diagram
07 Endocrine System - Jaden Ross P.6
Major Functions of Endocrine System
Reproduction
growth and development
Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of blood
regulates metabolism and energy
influences metabolic activity via hormones released into the blood
Major Endocrine Glands and Their Functions
Thoracic Cavity
Parathyroid Gland
Produces PTH (parathyroid hormone)
target cells: skeleton, kidneys, and intestines
Thyroid Gland
Produces T3 and T4
work together to regulate body's energy
major role in metabolism
Thymus
Produces Thymosin
target cell is white blood cells
stimulates the development of T cells
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Adrenal Gland
Produces Aldo( aldosterone)
target cell : kidneys
Produces Cortisol
target cells :body cells
increases body's metabolism of glucose
body's response to stress or danger
Produces Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
target cell: sympathetic nervous system
role in body's fight or flight response
produces androgens and estrogen
target cells: sex organs
Pancreas
Glucogon
target cell : blood
secreted from alpha cells in pancreas
Insulin
target cells: fat/muscle cells
Testis (Male)
Produces Testosterone
Target cells: male development
Ovary (female )
Estrogen
target cells: female development
Cranial Cavity
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Produces melatonin
controls sleep wake-cycle
Compare and Contract Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Synthesized from cholesterol
gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
lipid-soluble
target cells with intracellular receptor
Amino-Acid Based Hormones
Amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins
water-soluble
target cells with cell membrane receptor
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
Positive feedback
the activity of a hormone signals the system to produce and release more of a hormone till it reaches a desired effect
ex) response of oxytocin during childbirth
Negative Feedback
1.Pituitary releases GH
2.has the effect of growth
3.negative feedback means brain causes gland to stop making that hormone(once homeostasis is reached)
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Diabetes insipidus
ADH deficiency due to damage to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary
Hypersecretion of GH
in children causes
giantism
in adults causes
acromegaly
overgrown hands, feet, face
Hyposecretion of GH
in children causes
pituitary dwarfism
Hyperinsulinism
excessive insulin secretion
causes
hypoglycemia
or low blood glucose levels
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
caused by either
hypersecretion (type 1) or hyposecretion(type 2) of insulin
three signs
polyuria: huge urine output
polydipsia: excessive thirst
polyphagia: excessive hunger and food consumption
Cushing's Syndrome/disease
hypersecretion
caused by tumor on pituitary, lungs pancreas, kidneys, or adrenal cortex
Addison's Disease
hyposecretion
deficit in both glucorticords and mineralcorticoids
Grave's Disease
hypersecretion of TH
antibodies mimic TSH, stimulating TH release
symptoms: nervousness, weight loss, exophthalmos (protruding eyes), rapid and irregular heart beat
treatment is removal of thyroid or radiation of thyroid cells