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Endocrine System Adriana Bonilla Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System Adriana Bonilla Period 1
Major Functions
Uses hormones to influence metabolic activities
Controls reproduction, growth and development, electrolyte and water balance, energy & metabolism regulation, body defense mobilization
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions
Parathyroid Gland
Secretes the parathyroid hormone and targets skeleton. kidneys, and intestines. It stimulates osteoclasts to digest bone matrix and release Ca+ into blood. Also enhances reabsorption of Ca & secretion of phosphate by kidney. In addition to promoting activation of vitamin D by kidneys which leads to increased absorption of Ca+
Thyroid Gland
Consists of the thyroid hormone which is T3 (thyroxine) and T4 (triidothyronine)
Targets whole body
Maintains growth/development, blood pressure, and heat production/base metabollic rate.
Adrenal gland
The organ above kidneys. It is 2 glands in one: the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
Adrenal medulla: nervous tissue that is part of sympathetic nervous system
Adrenal cortex: 3 layers of glandular tissue that synthesize and secrete many hormones. Produces over 24 hormones called corticosteroids. There is 3 types: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids
Gonadocorticoids( adrenal sex hormone): contributes to sex drive in women, source of estrogens after menopause, and onset of puberty and appearance of secondary sex characteristics
Glucocorticods: influences metabolism and helps resist stressors. Maintains constant bllod glucose levels. Also maintains blood pressure by increasing action of vasoconstrictors. Hormones include cortisol, cortisone, and cortiscosterone
Pineal Gland
Secretes melatonin and promotes puberty while detoxifying cells in molecules.
Targets the brain
pituitary gland
Anterior: glandular tissue including 6 different hormones
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Secreted by the gonadotropic cell and targets sex organs. Stimulates the production of eggs/ sperm (gametes)
Lutenizing Hormone (LSH): Secreted by Gonadotropic cells and promotes gondal hormone productions (progesterone/ testosterone)
Growth Hormone (GH): Affects metabolism and growth development
Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH): stimulates development and secretory activity of thyroid. Inhibited by increase in blood levels of thyroid hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Targets the adrenal cortex and stimulates the release of corticosteroids
Prolactin (PRL): Secreted by anterior pituitary. Targets breasts and stimulates the production of milk in females
Posterior: secretes neurohormones and composed of neural tissue .hormones include oxytocin and ADH
thymus
lymphocyte production includes thymopoieins, thymosins, and thymulin.
pancreas
gonads
Placenta: estrogen, progesterone, and horioic gonadotropin
testes(only in male): testosterone: matures male sex organs and causes sperm production.
ovaries(only in females): strogen/progestrone. Progesterone causes breast formation and matures sex organs.
Hypothalamus
Neuroendocrine organ
Connected to pituitary gland (hypophysis) through the infundibulum
Compare and contrast steroid vs. nonsteroid hormones
Steroid hormones: created from cholesterol. They are lipid soluble
Sex hormones:(testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen)
Cortisol
Aldosterine
adrenocorticol
androstenedione
Amino acid based hormones: Water soluble and contain peptides, proteins, and amino acids
Epinephrine
nonephinephrine
adrenaline
thyroid hromone
Growth hormone
Prolactin
parathormone
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulations
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Cushing syndrome: a tumor in the pituitary, lungs and kidney, and more. It needs to be removed and drugs stop it
Grave's disease: hypersecretion of thyroid hormone. It has to be removed. The radioactive iodine destroys the active thyroid cells
Addisons disese: glucocorticoids/ mineralcorticosoids hyposecretion. Na leveles and plasma decrease. ACTH rises and melanin production increases. Treated by corticosteroid replacement therapy
myxedema: Hypersecretion, weight gain, sluggishness, lack of iodine, and constipation.TSH levels increase and hyroglobulin produced
Diabetes insipidus: damage to posterior pituitary and hypothalamus which causes an ADh deficiency
hypothyroidism: poor development of thyroid gland. A baby's ability to produce thyroid hormones, jaundiec, andconstipation. I+Treated by thyroid hromone replacement.
Hypoerinsulinism: hypersecretion of insulin. Causes anxiety and or death. ingest sugar to treat