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Measuring Social Inequality - Coggle Diagram
Measuring Social Inequality
Housing
Being able to afford accommodation of adequate standard is closely related to income. Social inequality is evident in the type and quality of housing that people live in.
3 main types of housing tenure: owners occupiers (own house outright), rent from private landlords, rent from local authority.
Health Care
NUMBER OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS: the number of doctors per 1000 people.
POSTCODE LOTTERY: your access to health care is dependent on where you live. Government gives different amounts of funding to different areas.
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE: how easy it is to access to medical facilities or to get medical attention.
Other factors which might affect healthcare are access to clean water, sanitation, quality and quantity of diet, type of housing, air quality and social behaviour / lifestyle (drugs, alcohol, smoking, STDs etc.)
Education
INFORMAL QUALIFICATION: gained from doing something at home / in the workplace.
FORMAL QUALIFICATION: education provided by schools, colleges, universities and apprenticeships.
We measure literacy levels to give an indication of inequality in education. Globally, there are clear contrasts among countries in levels of literacy, especially in terms of gender equality.
Human Development Index
It's calculated by income taking into account of purchasing power of a country, life expectancy at birth, education (adult literacy rate, number of years spent in school).
HDI is a composite measure of inequality.
Ranges from 1-0 (1 = most, 0 = least).
HDI is used to highlight inequalities that exist between countries in both economic and social terms.
Income
ABSOLUTE POVERTY = living on under $1.25 a day.
RELATIVE POVERTY: the distribution of income in a population 13 million people live below medium income.
GINI COEFFICIENT: refers to income distribution and how equal it is. Scale from 1.0 to 0. If 1 person has all the money, the gini coefficient is 1.0.
Employment
Employment is difficult to measure because not all countries measure employment.
Defining what is and isn't employment is difficult.
INFORMAL SECTOR: jobs that are picked up of the street e.g. pop-up sellers and street vendors (unlicensed). They are not registered so don't pay tax or VAT.