cell metabolism - ENZYMES
metabolism(definition: the constantly occurring chemical reaction that takes place in the cell)
sequences from reactants to end products
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this sequence is known as metabolic pathways
enzymes: (a catalyst)
enzymes speed up reactions but are not consumed
they are proteins that are reusable
they work in low concentrations to do this
they are shaped in a tertiary structure
large globular protiens
they have groves that may have chemical functinal groups
they have active sites that the substrate attach to
methods
lock and key mrthod, old method
the idea that the enzyems dont move and they have spicific shapes the substrates have to fit inot to work
new theroy
the idea that the enzymes and substrates change shapes slighty, thye mold togther and work togther
substrates
another word for this is catabolism
it degrades in another reaction
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anabolism + Catabolism = metabolism
they oporate by lowering the the energy of activation, this means it doesnt have to work for longer, so the reactions happen faster
enzyme+substrate - enzyme substrate complex - enzyme + product
heat is normally used to speed up the chemical reactions
they act as a catalyst that is not consumed in the reaction, they can be used over and over again
affecting reaction rate
concentration
the amount of substrate or enzyme avalible can effect how the enzyme works
temperature
as temp rises moderately the enzyme activity increases
all enzymes have a optimal temp and will not function if it is higher then that or it will not fuction properly
PH
the 3D shape can be affected by the Ph level
they all have optimal PHs to work at depending on what they do, and they can only work in that one area(enzymes from blood can't work in the stomach)
inhibitors
chemicals that interfer with the enzyme action
a product will attach to the enzyme to stop the reactions from happening
almosyt like an off switch
meany enzymes are made up of two parts, apoenzyme(protein) and co-enzyme(non protein). when they join together the enzyme becomes active
co factor is inorganic and co enzmeys are organic