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Ultrastructure of plant cells vs. animal cells - Coggle Diagram
Ultrastructure of plant cells vs. animal cells
Plant cells
Cell wall- made of cellulose, keeps plant rigid
Cell membrane
Chloroplasts- site of photosynthesis- contain chlorophyll. Surrounded by a double membrane , has thylakoid membranes inside. Membranes are stacked up in some parts of the chloroplast to form grana.
Vacuole and tonoplast- helps plant cell stay rigid- the vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast. Vacuoles are also involved in the breakdown and isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell- tonoplast controls what enters and leaves the vacuole.
Amyloplast- contains starch
Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis
Cytoplasm
PLANT CELLS HAVE ALL THE ORGANELLES ANIMAL CELLS DO (APART FROM CENTRIOLES AND MICROVILLI) PLUS A FEW EXTRA
Middle lamella- outermost layer of the cell, acts as an adhesive, sticking adjacent plant cells together
Plasmodesmata- Channels in the cell walls that link adjacent cells together. Allow transport of substances and communication between cells
Pits- regions of the cell wall where the wall is very thin. Arranged in pairs, allow transport of substances between cells
Animal cells
Cell membrane- controls what enters/leaves cell
Nucleus-
Large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane)- nucleus contains chromatin and nucleolus. Control's the cells' activities by controlling transcription of DNA and the DNA contains instructions for making proteins
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis, not surrounded by a membrane, made of DNA and RNA
Rough endoplasmic reticulum- has ribosomes on it, folds and packages proteins for transport to golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus- modifies proteins and lipids and packages them into vesicles, makes lysosomes. Group of fluid-filled. membrane-bound flattened sacs. Vesicles are often seen at the edge of the sacs.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum- processes lipids and steroids, no ribosomes
Mitochondria- site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced. Have a double membrane, inner one is folded in to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
Centrioles- used in the formation of the spindle in cell division. Small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules- found in animal cells but only some plant cells
Lysosome- Round organelle surrounded by a membrane- contains digestive enzymes
Comparison of plant and animal cells
Similarities
Both have cell membranes
Both have a nucleus, mitochondria, GA, ER, ribosomes
Differences
Animal cells don't have cell walls
Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells don't