Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
At the end of the 15th century
established an authoritarian monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula
The dynastic union of Catilla and Aragón
in 1469
Isabella married Ferdinand
When the king of Castilla died in 1474
a civil war broke out between the followers of his daughter
The conflict ended in 1479 with the victory of Isabella
in 1474 Ferdinand became the king of Aragón after the death of his father
A single state was not created, it is referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy
Domestic reforms
The Catholic monarchs carried out a series of domestic reforms to centralise power
To weaken the power of the nobility
A permanent army was formed with professional soldiers
Permission was obtained from the Pope to place military orders
Territories
Specific matters
The royal treasury was given greater powers to control
Councils of experts were appointed to advise the monarchs about
The judal system of Castilla was restructured though the audiencies
A militia, the Santa Hermandad was created to fight crime
To reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy
Power of General Courts was reduced
The position of viceroy was created
The inquisition was established in the kingdom of castilla
To restrict the autonomy of the urban oligarchies
In Castilla, the monarchs appointed the mayors
In Aragón the sortition system, where local governors were selected by lottery
To improve international relations
The diplomatic corps represented the monarchs in other kingdom, was expanded
Castilla became an authoritarian monarchy
The Crown of Aragón maintained the pact tradition
Religious policy
One of the Catholic Monarchs' main political objectives was to establish religious unity in their domains
The Jews were persecuted by the Christian population
In 15th century anti-Semitism increased
In 1492 the monarchs forced them to convert to Crhistianity
Those who did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes , they are known as Sephardic Jews
Those who agreed to convert were known as conversos
The Mudéjar were Muslims who lived in Crhistian territories
After the conquest of Granada, Cardinal Cisneros forced them to be baptised
Those who converted were known as Moriscos and they were also persecuted by The Inquisition
Foreign policy
Main objectives of the Catholic Monarchs were the unification of the Iberian Peninsula, isolation of France, consolidation of the Crown of Aragón and the expansion across the Atlantic
Diplomatic, the monarchs formed political agreements by marrying their children to the kings and princes of other European kingdoms
Union with Portugal, the monarchs married their oldest daughter
Isolation of France, in 1493 the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya were returned to Aragón
Military, Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of military conquests
On the Iberian Peninsula
In 1492 the ruler of the kingdom of Granada surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula
In 1512 Ferdinand conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France
Outside of the Iberian Peninsula
Northern Africa, various enclaves which Berber pirates operated from were conquered
Italy, forces of Gonzalo Fernandez de Córdoba defeated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano
The Atlantic Ocean, the Canary Islands were conquered following the subjugation of their inhabitants
Economy and society
Crown of Castilla
, exportation of wool very important, transhumance livestock farming developed, the flocks travelled along paths protected by the crown called cañadas reales, Catholic Monarchs received taxes from the wool trade this association was called the Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
In 1494 Burgos Consulate was founded to control the exportation of wool from the Cantabrian ports, the Spanish textile industry developed just enough to cover domestic demand
Agriculture suffered due to the increase in livestock farming. During the 16th century the main source of wealth was precious metals from the Americas
Crown of Aragón,
the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility, trade in the Mediterranean benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón the main ports were Valencia and Barcelona
The monarchs protected local industries by placing taxes or duties on foreign products
Art and culture
Spanish renaissance characteristics
Antonio de Nebrija published the first grammar of this language
The founding of new universities and the spread of the printing press, Cardinal Cisneros financed the Complutensian Polyglot Bible
The most important humanist was Juan Luis Vives
The Gothic artistic style was maintained
Architecture
Sculpture
Painting
