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Psychofarmology - College 1 Deel 2 - Coggle Diagram
Psychofarmology - College 1 Deel 2
Neurons Global Structure
Cell body = Soma
Dendrites
With spines
Without spines
Axon
-> Axonal ending forms synaps with postsynaptic neuron
Mitochondria provide energy
Neurotransmitter in vesicle
Receptors both sides of synaptic cleft
Synapses (anterograde) = vooruitgaand
Axodendritic
=
Receiver is dendritic spine
Axosomatic
=
Receiver is soma
Axoaxonic
=
Receiver is axon
Special neurons
Pyramidal:
Triangular cellbody
Apical dendrite
One axon
Stimulating
Prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, entorinal cortex -> EF, Memory
Chandelier:
Axo-axonic
Inhibitory (inhibits/stops pyramid cells
Cortex
Spiny
:
Dendrites = shaped like spikes
Long axons
Striatum
Purkinje:
Dendrites are shaped like a tree
One axon
Cerebellum
Interneurons
:
Mainly brain and spinal cord
Provide neural circuit
Sensory <-> motor
Basket cells
:
Dendrites shaped like a basket
Inhibitory interneuron
Cortex
Double Bouquet cells:
Dendrites shaped like two bouquets
Inhibiorty interneuron
Cortex
Neuronal anatomy
1. Input
Other neuron
Environment
Chemicals
Hormones
Medication
2. Integration
Signal cascade to genome
decoding genome -> encoding chemical signals
3. Electric coding
Integration incoming electrical signals
4. Signal transduction
Electrical signal over membrane
5. Output
Chemical -> signal output to next neuron
Neuronal transport
:
Slow transport
= 2 mm/day
Proteins from cytoplasm to axon and dendrites
Fast transport
= 200 mm/day
Vesicles with neurotransmitters, peptides, receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transport pumps
Anterograde
Soma- -> Axon
Retrograde
Axon -> Soma
Used proteins, growth factors, viruses
Neuronal development
Before birth:
Neuronal migration
Neuronal selection
Neurogenesis
Synaptogenesis
Differentiation & Myelination
After birth / Adult:
Synaptogenesis
Differentiation & Myelination
Neurogenesis in specific brain areas
Competitive elimination
Growth factors:
Branching
Pruning
Generation
Degeneration
-> in reaction to learning, experiences, life events, genetics, drug/medication, disease
Apoptosis:
90% before birth
Unwanted neurons: damaged, old
Neuronal suicide to eliminate unwanted cells / Geprogrammeerde celdood.
Necrosis:
Inflammatory response, neuronal degradation.
Neuronal assassination (accidental)