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Cervical spine, Cervical spine Practical - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Caused by a damaged to the major veins in the lower neck and upper chest
        
        Develop suddenly, often after an unusual and tiring exercise of the arms
        
        Symptoms include swelling of the hands, fingers and arms
        
        Heaveness and weakness of the neck and arms
        
        Anterior chest veins in the anterior chest = dilated
    - - Least common but most serious type of TOS
        
        Caused by congenital bony abnormalities in lower neck and upper chest
        
        Symptoms include cold sensitivity in the hands and fingers, numbness, pain, or sores of fingers
        
        Poor blood circulation to the arms, hands, and fingers
    - - Abnormalities of bony and soft tissue in lower neck region (include cervical rib area)
        
        Compress and irritate the nerves of brachial plexus
        
        Symptoms include weakness or numbness of the hand
        
        Decreased size of hand muscles (one side usually)
        
        Pain, tingling, prickling, numbness and weakness of the neck, chest, and arms
    - - Soft tissue
        
        Scalenes
        
        Pectoralis major
      - Venous -> intense exercice
      - Clavicle
        
        Fracture
        
        Subluxation
      - Arterious -> congenital
      - Cervical rib
- - - - Spinal curve -> smooth lordosis
        
        Head carriage
        
        Shoulder position
        
        Muscle atrophy
        
        Scapular winging
        
        Swelling
    - - Interspinous pain
        
        Facet joints
        
        Trigger points
        
        Intervertebral joint play
    - - Sitting:
        
        AROM
        
        PROM
        
        Spurling's
        
        Distraction
        
        Shoulder depression
        
        Percussion
      - Supine:
        
        Palpation
      - Standing:
        
        Observation
        
        Gait
    - - Sitting:
        
        Observation
        
        Barkody's sign
        
        Spurling's test
        
        Distraction
        
        Doorbell sign
        
        Shoulder depression
        
        MSR U.L
        
        Adson's test
        
        Hyperabduction test
        
        Costoclavicular test
    - - Sitting
        
        U.L reflexes
        
        Patellar reflex
        
        Hoffmann's
      - Supine:
        
        L.L reflexes
        
        Plantar response
        
        Ankle clonus
      - Standing
        
        Gait
- - - - Vertigo
      - Visual disturbances
      - Headaches
      - Other autonomic disturbances