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Endocrine unit Aleena Alfaro period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine unit
Aleena Alfaro
period 1
functions of the endocrine system
influences metabolic activities hormones transported in blood
responses is similar to nervous system except longer lasting and slower
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each category
Amino Acid based hormones
Water-soluble
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
growth hormone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH )
Oxyocin
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Steroids
lipid soluble
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions
pineal gland
Secretes
melatonin
and has a direct effect on the body's sleep cycle.
target organ: Brain
pituitary gland
anterior
oxytocin
: acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain
target organ: uterus and breasts
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
causes kidneys to release less water
target organ: kidneys
posterior
Growth hormone
:causes body growth
target organ: liver, muscle, bone, and cartilage
Thyroid stimulating hormone
: stimulates the thyroid hormone
target organ: thyroid.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids .
Target organ: Adrenal cortex
Gonadotropins (FSH & LH)
stimulates the production of eggs and sperm. Plays a role during puberty.
Target organ: sex organs
prolactin:
Stimulates milk production in females. t
arget organ: breasts
thyroid gland
The body's major metabolic hormone
T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine)
target organ: every cell in the body
parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
responds to low levels of calcium.
Target organs: skeleton, kidneys, and intestine
thymus
Produces
thymosins
to assist with immune response:
Target cells: white blood cells
adrenal glands
Gonadocorticoids
: contributes to sex drive in women
epinephrine and norepinephrine
increases heart rate and blood glucose levels
target organs: Muscles and blood vessels
Mineralocorticoids
stimulates sodium
target organs: kidneys
pancreas
contains both endocrine and exocrine hormones
glucagon
and
insulin
. Glucagon raises blood sugar. Insulin lowers blood sugar.
target organ: liver
gonads
ovary
estrogen
causes breast developments
target organs: female reproductive organs
testis
testosterone
Contributes to male sex drive, necessary for sperm production
target organs: throughout body.
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
pituitary dwarfism
issues with growth
gigantism
excessive growth
diabetes insipidus
damage to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary
hyperinsulinism
Excessive insulin secretion
graves disease
body makes antibodies directed against FSH
myxedema
include low metabolic rate, thick and/or dry skin, puffy eyes, feeling chilled, constipation, edema, mental sluggishness, lethargy
diabetes mellitus
cause do to Hyposecretion of insulin
cause do to Hypoactivity of insulin
cushing's syndrome
causes tumor on pituitary, lungs, pancreas, kidney, or adrenal cortex
Addison’s disease
Weight loss, severe dehydration, and hypotension
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
negative feedback
the body stopping the production of a hormone
hormone regulation
the hypothalamus of the brain tells the body that its produced enough of a hormone, then leading to negative feedback
Positive feedback
when a gland creates a hormone