Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
C11 Production of biofuels from biomass materials - Coggle Diagram
C11 Production of biofuels from biomass materials
Ethanol
made from starches and sugars
more to come from cellulose and hemicellulose
modified to be undrinkable
made like alcohol
used commonly in cars
Ethanol can also be produced by gasification
Ethanol is a renewable biofuel because it is made from biomass. Ethanol is a clear, colorless alcohol made from a variety of biomass materials called feedstocks
Fermentation is the most common method for producing fuel ethanol
2 types Ethanol :1.Biological: conversion of starches to sugar followed by fermentation of sugar with yeast
2.Synthetic: acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene
Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable fuel manufactured domestically from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease.
Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, yellow grease, used cooking oils, or animal fats.
The diesel production from algae is economical and easy.
Algae have 20%–80% oil contents that could be converted into different types of fuels such as kerosene oil and biodiesel.
Biofuels
Biofuel is defined as “liquid, solid, or gaseous fuel produced by conversion of biomass such as bioethanol from sugar cane or corn, charcoal or woodchips, and biogas from anaerobic decomposition of wastes”
The Best Crops for Biofuel Production:
-Corn is one of the best crops for the production of alternative fuels and ethanol
-Sugarcane is planted and processed to produce ethanol.
-Palm oil is another source for biofuel production. Energy efficiency makes it one of the best crops.
-Ethanol and biodiesel are biofuels commonly used in transportation.
Applications of Biofuels:
-Transportation.
-Power Generation.
-Heat.
First-generation biofuels. The first-generation biofuels refer to fuels that have been derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats, and vegetable oil. The oil is obtained using conventional production techniques. S
The second-generation biofuels, also known as advanced biofuels, are fuels that can be derived from various types of biomass, including plant materials as well as animal materials. This means that the feedstock refers to nonfood biomass, in contrast to the first-generation biofuels
Third-generation biofuels. The third-generation biofuels refer in the case that the biofuel carbon is derived from aquatic autotrophic organism
In fourth-generation production systems, biomass crops are seen as efficient “carbon capturing” components that take CO2 out of the atmosphere and lock it up in their branches, trunks, and leaves. The carbon-rich biomass is then converted into fuel and gases by means of second-generation techniques.