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genetics - Coggle Diagram
genetics
Reproduction, the genome and gene expression
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DNA extraction practical
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5)Using an ice bath to cool, gradually pour cold ethanol over the filter.
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protein synthesis
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The protein's DNA code remains in the nucleus, but a copy called mRNA moves from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesised. The protein produced is determined by the template used, and if the template sequence changes, a new protein is produced.
Carrier molecules deliver specific amino acids in the correct order to the growing protein. There are only about 20 different amino acids found in nature.
Hundreds, if not thousands, of amino acids are linked together in a unique sequence in each protein molecule. After that, it's folded into the correct, one-of-a-kind shape. This is critical because it allows the protein to function properly.
Genetic inheritance
mutations-change in gene or chromosome. mutations rarely change the phenotype but if it does and that new phonotype is more suited for the environment it leads to a change in species over time
causes- ionising radiation, chemical mutagen
natural selection- where organisms adapt to an environment so that they are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce and pass on their genes
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exam questions
Describe the process of selective breeding. Give examples in your answer. Analyse your results in terms of percentages. [6 marks]
during selective breeding the farmers/ breeder decide which characteristic they want and find two animal that have that characteristic and breed them, then they choose the best offspring which is the one that has the desired characteristics and then the process is repeated over multiple generations
