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Unit 8: Everyday Memory - Coggle Diagram
Unit 8: Everyday Memory
Autobiographical Memory (AM)
sensory components
Greenberg and Rubin (2003), loss of autobiographical memory- cannot recognize objects
visual experience-forming and retrieving AM
Cabeza and coworkers (2004), comparing brain activation caused by AM and laboratory memory
activated brain structures associated with episodic memory and processing scenes, processing info about the self, memory for visual space, mental time travel memory
Events remembered well
significant events in a person's life
highly emotional events
transition points
Reminiscence Bump
self image
-period of assuming person's self-image
cognitive
-encoding is better during periods of rapid change
cultural life script
- culturally shared expectations structure recall
Memory for Emotional Stimuli
emotion improves memory, becomes greater with time (may enhance consolidation)
brain activity: amygdala
flashbulb memories
highly emotional, vivid, very detailed
repeated recall (initial description and later reports)
can be inaccurate or lacking in detail even though the memories seem very vivid
Davidson and coworkers (2006), narrative rehearsal hypothesis- repeated viewing/hearing of event
Constructive Nature of Memory
Bartlett's "war of the ghosts" experiment
remember story from a different culture, repeated reproduction
results: over time, reproduction became shorter, contained omissions and inaccuracies, changed to make the story more consistent with their own culture
source monitoring
Jacob et al. (1989), becoming famous overnight experiment- some non-famous names were misidentified as famous
making inferences
pragmatic inferences
Bransford and Johnson's (1973)-tested people's memory for the wording of action experiment
schemas and scripts
influences memories; memory can include information not actually experienced but inferred because it is expected and consistent with the schema
could lead to false memories
Hyman and coworkers (1995), participant remembered the new events as actually happening
construction of memories
advantages: allows to fill in the blanks, understand language, solve problems, make decisions
disadvantages: source misattributions
Power of suggestion
misinformation effect- misleading postevent information (MPI)
Loftus and coworkers (1975)
participants what they heard (MPI) not what they saw
hypothesis
memory trace replacement
retroactive inference
source monitoring error
Lindsey (1990), heard a story; two days later again with some details changed
errors in eyewitness testimony