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Adriana Mireles P. 6 Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Adriana Mireles P. 6 Endocrine System
Major functions of the endocrine system
Autocrine Secretion
Affects only the secretory cells
Exocrine
Products into ducts outisde the internal enviornment
Paracrine Secretion
Affects neighboring cells
Endocrine
Secretes hormones into body fluids that affect target cells
Hormones
Where certain glands secrete messenger molecules that never reach the bloodstream which makes them not true hormones
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each
category
Compare:
Both are controlled by a negative feedback mechanism
Contrast:
Steroid is a lipid soluble that can pass through cell membranes While as nonsteroid combines with receptors in the target cell membranes.
Steroid
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Testosterone
Non-steroid
Glucagon
Insulin
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
Adrenal Glands
Sits on top of the kidney, enclosed in layers of adipose and connective tissues
A pyramid shaped glands consists of:
Adrenal Medulla = Inner
Adrenal Cortex = Outer
Pancreas
Pancreatic hormones control level of blood glucose
Parathyroid Glands
Increases the blood calcium ion concentration and decrease phosphate ion
Reproductive Glands
The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone
The placenta produce estrogen, progesterone and gonadotropin
The testes produce tesosterone
Thyroid Gland
Has 2 hormones that helps control caloric intake and 1 that helps regulate blood calcium level & bone growth
Pineal Gland
Secrete melatonin which is involved in the regulation of circadian rythms of the body whic its released at night but is surpresses during the day.
Pituitary Gland
Posterior Pituitary (Posterior lobe)
Consists of axons of neurons of the hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary (Anterior lobe)
arranged around the blood vessels and enclosed in a capsule of collagenous connective tissue
Thymus Gland
Secreted thymosins that affect production and differentiation of T lymphoctyes
Kidney
Secrete erythropoietin for blood cells production
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Negative Feedback
Decreases the change or input
Example
An example of a negative feedback are people who have diabetes if the blood sugar is to high it will decrease the blood sugar sending insulin hoping to balance the blood sugar level
Positive Feedback
Increases the change or output
Example
An example of a positive feedback is when someone is giving birth they get contractions
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Type 1 Diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM)
Is an autoimmune disorder in which beta cells are destroyed so insulin production decreases or stops
Type 2 Diabetes (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM)
Is when insulin is produced but is not reconginized by cells