Endocrine System- Gladis Vazquez P.5
Major Functions of Endocrine System
Endocrine Glands/Organs & Functions
Hormones Produced, Function, & Target Organs
Compare & Contrast: Non-Steroids & Steroids
Homeostatic Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation
Diseases Associated with Endocrine System
work with the nervous system
made up of cells, tissues, organs (endocrine glands)
maintains homeostasis
secrete hormones into body fluids
2 types of glands
exocrine- secretes products into ducts, outside internal environment
endocrine- secrete hormones into body fluids to affects target cells
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
pineal gland
reproductive gland (ovaries,testes)
Kidneys
posterior pituitary: arranged blood vessels & enclosed in capule of collagenous connective tissue
anterior pituitary: mostly of glandular epitheial tissue
attached to the hypothalamus by stalk called infundibulum
located btw. larynx & consist of 2 broad lobes connected by an isthmus
located on the posterior of thyroid gland
sits on top of kidneys, enclosed in a layer of adipose & connective tissue
controls the level of blood glucose
upper portion if thalamus; melatonin
secrete erythroplen for blood cell productions
secrete hormones associated w/ stomach & small intestine for process of digestion
Non-Steroids
Steroids
derived from cholesterol
produced by amino acids
combine with receptors in target cell membranes
passes through cell membranes
carried in the bloodstreams weakly bound to plasma proteins
protiens receptors for steroids hormones are located inside the target cells
have a binding site and an activity site
hormone called second messenger
signal transduction: casade of biological activity through cell membrane to the inside, beginning w/ binding hormone
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
autoimmune disorder (born with it)
beta cells destroyed, insulin production stops/ decrease
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
insulin is producing but cells do not recognized
develops over time
Addison Disease
hyposecretion of glucocorticoids & mineralocoticids
cushing syndrome
hypersection of adernal cortical hormones
Growth Hormones: increase and reproduce for the body by the hypothalamus
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): from the thyroid gland, releases from the hypothalamus, blood concentration increase the secrection of TSH &TRH decreases
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: from the adrenal cortex, regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH) from the hypothalamus, stress can increase of CRH
Gonadotropins (FSH & LH):
follcile-stimulating hormones: males testes
lutenizing hormone (LH): females ovaries gonads
reproductive sysytem
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine: used in flight or fight responses, {increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, dilate airways, decrease digestive activities}
Aldosterone: adrenal cortex, regulate electrolyte balance, secrete in decreasing blood volume & blood pressure
Cortisol: adrenal cortex, regulates glucose metabolism, increase blood amino acids
negative feedback
releases hormones from hypothalamus
controls secretion of anteriors & pituitary hormones
affects activity of other endocrine glands
influence certain endocrine glands directly