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Tania Torres-Gomez P.1 Endocrine - Coggle Diagram
Tania Torres-Gomez P.1 Endocrine
functions
integrate and coordinate activity
metabolic activity hormones-blood
responses slower
controls and integrates
reproduction
growth and development
maintenance cellular metabolism and energy balance
movement- body defenses
Endocrine glands
produce hormones
lack ducts
pancreas
glucagon
raises blood glucose- targeting liver
break down glycogen into glucose
synthesize glucose- lactic acid & other noncarbohydrates
release glucose- blood
insulin
secreted: blood glucose levels increase
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels
location: partially behind stomach
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid hormone
major metabolic homrone
two forms
T4 (thyroxine)
T3 (triiodothyronine)
affects- every cell body, enters target cell-intracellular receptors-nucleus- triggers transcriptions of carious metabolic genes
increases basal metabolic rate, and heat production
regulates tissue growth and development
maintains blood pressure
location: anterior neck- trachea inferior larynx
Calcitonin
produced- parafollicular (C) cells response to high Ca 2+ levels
stimulates Ca2+ uptake and incorporation - bone matrix
prevent release Ca2+ - bone matrix
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Hormone
Ca2+ homeostasis
target organs
skeleton, kidneys, intestine
Functions
stimulate osteoclasts digest bone matrix, release Ca2+- - blood
enhance reabsorption Ca 2+, secretion phosphate- kidneys
activation vitamin D (increased absorption Ca2+)
location
pharynx
adrenal gland
coricosteroids
24 different hormones
mineralcorticorticoids
regulate electrolyte concentrations
Aldosterone
stimulates Na+ reabsorption kidneys
stimulates K+ elimination kidneys
glucocorticoids
metabolism most cells and help resist stressors
blood glucose levels- constant
maintain blood pressure
cortisol
cortisone
corticosterone
gonadocorticoids
weak androgens (male sex hormones) converted- testosterone tissue cells- estrogens
location:
kidney
pineal gland
location
hanging roof 3rd ventricle
Melatonin
timing sexual maturation & puberty, day/night cycles, rhythmic variations, production antioxidant and detoxification molecules in cells
Diseases
Diabetes insipidus
ADH deficiency- damage hypothalamus/posterior pituatary
Hypersecretion GH
anterior pituitary tumor
children gigantism (8ft.)
adult: acromegaly (overgrowth: hands, feet, and face)
Hyposecretion-myxedema
symptoms:
low metabolic rate, thick/ dry skin, puffy eyes, chilled, constipation, mental sluggishness
lack iodine goiter
thyroid enlarges
Hypersecretion TH: Grave's disease
Autoimmune disease
body abnormal antibodies against thyroid follicular cells
symptoms
elevated metabolic rate, sweating, rapid and irregular heart beats, nervousness, and weight loss
Hypersecretion- Cushing's Syndrome disease
depresses cartilage/ bone formation and immune system , inflammation, disrupts neural, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal function
causes
pituatary, lungs, pancrease, kidney/ adrenal cortex, overuse corticosteroids
Hyposecretion: Addison's disease
deficits glucocorticoids and mineralocortcoids
weight loss, severe dehydration, and hypertension common
treatment:
corticosteroid replacement- therapy
characteristics:
bronzing skin-high levels of ACTH
triggers melanin production in melanocytes
Steroid vs. non-steroid
steroid
lipid- cholesterol
testosterone
aldosterone
estrogen
corticosterone
non-steroid
proteins, small peptides, and modified amino acids
negative and positive feedbacks
Negative
body back to normal state, decreases
example
sweating
Positive
increases output- reaction
example
labor contractions, breast milk
Hormones mostly use negative feedback