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07 Endocrine System Gisel Rubio-Sanchez Per.7 - Coggle Diagram
07 Endocrine System
Gisel Rubio-Sanchez
Per.7
Major Functions
Metabolism-The conversion of energy in food to energy available to run cellular process
Growth and Development- Growth Hormone, Lengthening of the bone. Growth of Muscle Cell repair
Sleep-Melatonin production is high when it is bright, secreted by the pineal gland
Fertility and Sexual Function- Sexual Matitury and Reproductive- FSH,LH,Estrogen, Progesterone, Testornone Milk Production and Release- Prolactin and Oxytocin
Blood Pressure- Four areas are affected by insulin, Liver Cells, Brain Cells, Muscle Cells. Insulin-increases blood sugar, Glucagon-the liver to decrease blood sugar
Major Glands/Organs & Function
Pancreas- Secretes hormones as an endocrine gland, digestive juice into the digestive tract as an exocrine gland
COntrol level of blood glucose
Pineal Gland- Located near the upper portion of the thalamus
Secrete melatonin, involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms of body
Released at night, suppressed during the day
Adrenal Gland- Sits on top of the kidneys, enclosed in a layer of adipose and connective tissue, pyramid shape gland consists of an inner adrenal medulla and an outer adrenal cortex
Reproductive Gland- The Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone
The placenta produces estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropin
The testes produce testosterone
Parathyroid Gland- four tiny parathyroid are located on posterior of thyroid gland
increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate into the blood, stimulating to the kidneys
Vitamin D
Kidneys- secrete erythropoietin for blood cell production
Thyroid Gland- Located below the larynx and consists of 2 broad lobes connected by an isthmus
The Thyroid gland consists of two hormones, containing T3 and T4
The thyroid is filled with hormone storing colloid
Thymus Gland- Lies between the lungs, behind the sternum
Secretes thymosins, production and differentiation of T lymphocytes (important in immunity)
Pituitary Gland- Hypothalamus controls the activity of the PG
Anterior Pituitary Gland- releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus control the secretion from the AP, Carry hypophyseal portal veins- release or stop
Posterior Pituitary Gland- Store hormones made by the hypothalamus, releases these hormones into the blood in response to nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Steroid vs. Non-Steroid hormones & Type of Hormones
Steroid Hormones- Lipid-soluble, they can pass through cell membranes.
Carried in the bloodstream weakly bound to plasma proteins
Hormone receptors bind with the DNA and activates specific gene
Transports protein
Nonsteroid Hormones- Combine with receptors in target cells membranes; binding site and an activity site
Known as the First Messenger
Chemical in the cell that respond to binding of the hormone and causes change in the cell- Second Messengers
Biological activity through the cell membrane, beginning with the binding of hormone -Signal Transduction
Carry out the effects of the hormone
Type of Hormones:
Steroids
Form from- Cholesterol,
Examples; Estrogen, Testosterone, Aldosterone, Cortisol
Non Steroids
Amines, Peptides, Proteins, or Glycoproteins = Amino Acid
Homeostatic Mechanism of hormone regulation
(+ & -)
Negative Feedback- A gland is sensitive to the concentration of the substance it regulates
Releases of hormones from the hypothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary and anterior pituitary hormones affect the activity of other endocrine glands
The Nervous system influences certain endocrine glands directly
Other glands responds directly to change in the internal fluid composition
As a hormone level rises, the hormone exerts it effects, further secretion is inhibited by negative feedback , then hormone secretion decreases.
Positive Feedback- Intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition rather than reversing it.
Is normal when there is a definite end point
The releases of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland during labor
Diseases
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
NIDDM
When insulin is produced but is not recognized
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
(Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
IDDM
An autoimmune disorder, in which beta cells are destroyed, so insulin production decreases or stops