Civil Liberties Mind Map
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Speech/Expression/Press
Due Process
Private Property/Eminent Domain/Takings Clause
Right to Assemble and Petition
2nd Amendment
religion in education
School activities
In Life
Reynolds v. U.S: Court decides polygamy can be banned
Everson v. Board of Ed. (1947): Funding of catholic school did not violate law
Pierce v. Society of Sisters: Law trying to eliminate parochial schools is unconstitutional.
Roth v. U.S. (1957): court decided ban was allowed since speech from mail was inappropriate and not wanted
Sherbert v. Verner (1963): Being fired for not going to work on a religious day is unconstitutional.
Van Orden v. Perry (2005): court decided statue with 10 commandments is allowed
Hobby Lobby v. Sebelius (Burwell) 2014: Court decided Hobby Lobby does not have to pay for anything if company believes it violates beliefs
Zorach v. Clauson(1952): Court upheld law that allowed students to leave school for religious reasons.
Engel v. Vitale(1962): Holding a prayer in school is not allowed as govt. can't promote religion.
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963): Schools requiring students to read from bible is unconstitutional
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985): Alabama schools were not allowed to hold prayers
Lee v. Weisman (1992): Schools are not allowed to invite religious figures to lead prayers
Santa Fe School Dist. v. Doe (2000): Student-lead prayers are not allowed in school
Elk Grove School District v. Newdow (2004): Father was against daughter saying under god, but did not have grounds to bring because he did not have custody
Edwards v. Aguillard (1987): Law that said evolution needs to be teached with theories of creation is unconstitutional.
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968): The teaching of evolution is permitted as it's a science.
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971): Law that granted funding for religious schools was unconstitutional.
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972): Court ruled that parents' ability to practice their religion was more important than the state interest in education.
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale(2000): Boy scouts were allowed to not associate with a gay man.
Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western NY(1997): Court ruled that creating fixed buffer protest zones violated first amendment rights
Expression
Military/war representation and expression
Protest and hate speech
Press
Chaplinksy v. New Hampshire
(1942): The use of fighting words is unconstitutional
Grayned v. City of Rockford
(1972): Court ruled that anti-picketing law is constitutional but noise law is allowed
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969): Town tried to ban KKK meeting but could not since meeting cannot be ban before violence occurs
Virginia v. Black(2003): Burning crosses trying to intimidate is unconstitutional.
Snyder v. Phelps
(2011): Church had right to picket but hate signs gave damage to family of victims
Near v. Minnesota (1931): City is not allowed to preemptively ban publications, but maintains the right to do so in future if justified.
New York Times v. U.S.
(1971): Court ruled that trying to block the press from publishing something before they had published it was illegal
NY Times v. Sullivan (1964): Court did not allow Alabama to charge 50k to NY times since they had not committed Libel by running MLK ad.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988):Schools have the right to
remove press if needed
Miller v. California (1973)
Morse v. Frederick (2007): Unconstitutional to promote drugs in school
Reno v. ACLU (1997)
Texas v. Johnson (1989): Burning the U.S flag is allowed
Hustler v. Falwell
(1988): a public figure could not sue for emotional distress as they make themself open to criticism.
Bethel v. Frasier (1986): use of offensive and vulgar language in school can be unconstitutional.
Buckley v. Valeo(1976):Govt. can't have active role in campaign but can regulate donations
Schenck v. U.S.(1919):The court ruled that the government had the authority to ban publications which resisted the war effort under the wartime authority given to congress.
Gitlow v. New York
(1925): Man arrested for handing out pamphlets that encouraged resistance and strikes was arrested for trying to overthrow the govt.
U.S. v. O’Brien
(1968):Burning a draft card is not a protected form of protest
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969): Students were allowed to armbands to school to protest the Vietnam war
Racial issues
Drug Use
Search/seize warrants
Death penalty
Use of evidence/rights
Powell v. Alabama (1932): 9 black youths were sentenced to death in Alabama, however the court ruled that due process was violated and defendants were not given enough time to defend themselves.
Duncan v. Louisiana(1968): The accused are guaranteed a trial by jury
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld(2004): cannot be declared an enemy of commitment without proper reason
New Jersey v. T.L.O.(1985): Search of drugs on a person is allowed certain circumstances
Florida v. Bostick(1991): Allowed luggage to be search(gave consent), so not a violation of 4th amend.
Board of Education v.
Earls(2002): Schools conducting drug tests are allowed since school is just trying to prevent drug use
Illinois v. Caballes(2005): The use of a drug detection dog without proper suspicion is allowed.
Weeks v. U.S(1914): seizing items from a home without warrant is a violation
Wolf v. Colorado(1949): Illegally obtained evidence did not always have to be excluded from cases
Mapp v. Ohio(1961): all evidence acquired without a warrant and violated 4th amend. is inadmissible in court.
Katz v. U.S.(1967): using eavesdropping devices to wiretap violates privacy
Terry v. Ohio(1968): Such actions, like being searched, are allowed if actions are reasonable under 4th amend.
U.S. v. Leon(1984): Evidence found with a warrant issued for something else is not valid
Furman v. Georgia(1972): Being sentenced to death after accidental murder is a violation
Gregg v. Georgia(1976): Punishment of death here did not violate 14th amend.
Roper v. Simmons(2005): Minors cannot be sentenced to death, considered cruel and unusual.
Gideon v. Wainwright(1963): Violating due to Gideon not being given an attorney.
Escobedo v. Illinois(1964): "Right to counsel" was violated since Escobedo was denied lawyer and anything he said could not be used against him.
Miranda v. Arizona(1966): Miranda rights were created to protected the rights of those in custody.
Nix v. Williams(1984): Court enacted inevitable discovery doctrine even though miranda rights were given after arrest, so evidence is valid
Dickerson v. U.S.(2000): Miranda governs the admissibility of statements made during interrogation
D.C v. Heller(2008): Provision that makes carrying an unregistered gun violates 2nd amend.
Kelo v. City of New London(2005): taking private property and selling it for private development to help city economy is allowed
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency(2002):the Court held that that the mere enactment of the regulations implementing the moratoria did not constitute a per se taking of the landowners' property.