Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Most important vaccines for travelers - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It is justified for travelers to countries with intermediate to high hepatitis endemicity.
      - The list includes all countries with limited resources.
      - Some experts advise travelers to consider hepatitis A vaccination regardless of destination.
      - ACIP recommends routine vaccination of children aged 12-23 months and catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents aged 2-18 years who have not previously received hepatitis A vaccine, regardless of travel.
    - - Adult dose
        
        Havrix
        
        1 mL IM (1440 EU)
        
        Vaqta
        
        1 mL IM (50 units)
      - Pediatric age/dose
        
        Havrix
        
        1 to 18 years: 0.5 mL IM (720 EU).
        
        Vaqta
        
        1 to 18 years: 0.5 mL IM (25 units).
      - Standard primary schedule
        
        Havrix
        
        0 and 6 to 12 months.
        
        Vaqta
        
        0 and 6 to 18 months.
      - Duration of protection
        
        Probably lifelong after completion of primary series.
    - - Pain or redness at the injection site, fever, headache, tiredness or loss of appetite may occur after hepatitis A vaccination.
    - - Hypersensitivity to the vaccine or any component of the formulation.
      - Hepatitis A vaccines are acceptable for use in pregnancy and for immunocompromised persons.
  - - - At-risk groups include health care workers, adventure travelers, Peace Corps volunteers, missionaries, military personnel, and medical tourists.
      - Hepatitis B immunization should be considered for any traveler who has potential contact with blood or bodily secretions, potential sexual contact, or potential need for medical or dental procedures during travel.
      - It is warranted for travelers to countries with intermediate to high HBV endemicity (i.e., hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] prevalence ≥2 percent).
      - Vaccination should be considered for all nonimmune travelers, as it is often difficult to assess risk during the pre-travel consultation.
    - - Adult dose
        
        Engerix-B
        
        1 mL IM (20 mcg)
        
        Recombivax-HB
        
        1 mL IM (10 mcg)
        
        Heplisav-B
        
        0.5 mL IM (20 mcg)
      - Pediatric age/dose
        
        Engerix-B
        
        Birth to 19 years: 0.5 mL IM (10 mcg).
        
        Recombivax-HB
        
        Birth to 19 years: 0.5 mL IM (5 mcg).
        
        Heplisav-B
        
        Not approved for <18 years.
      - Standard primary schedule
        
        Engerix-B
        
        0, 1, and 6 months
        
        Recombivax-HB
        
        0, 1, and 6 months
        
        Heplisav-B
        
        0, 28 days.
      - Duration of protection
        
        Probably lifelong after completion of primary series.
    - - Adverse effects are infrequent and mild. The most frequent are fever or low-grade fever, slight swelling or redness at the injection site, or slight irritability or drowsiness in the days following administration
      - Exceptionally, persistent crying or neurological alterations due to other components included in the combined vaccines may appear
    - - Hypersensitivity to the vaccine or to any component of the formulation.
      - Hepatitis B vaccine can be administered to immunocompromised patients, although the immunogenicity of the vaccine is lower in these groups.
      - For persons with underlying comorbidities that may interfere with seroconversion, antibody titers can be checked to ensure that an adequate response to the vaccine has occurred.
- - - - YF vaccine-associated neurologic disease (YEL-AND) – YEL-AND is a serious but rarely fatal adverse event. YEL-AND manifests as several distinct clinical syndromes, including meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and bulbar palsy.
      - YF vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) – YEL-AVD mimics naturally acquired YF disease, with proliferation and dissemination of the vaccine virus throughout the host tissues.
- - - - Adult individuals of 18 years and older
      - How given: intramuscular injection (deltoid muscle of the upper arm)
      - Dose and time of administration
        
        Number of shots: 2 shots (0,5 mL each) 2 to 4 weeks apart
        
        WHO recommends an interval of 4 weeks for its administration.
        
        Store refrigerated at 2-8°C
        
        BOOSTER SHOT: everyone ages 12 years and older is recommended to get a booster shot at least 5 months after completing the primary series.
        
        Additional doses for target populations where the immune response rate following the standard primary series is deemed insufficient (immunocompromised individuals).
        
        Therefore, for older adults and immunocompromised persons who have received a standard 2-dose primary series of Sinovac-CoronaVac, WHO recommends an additional dose.
        
        Adverse reactions
        
        In the arm where you got the shot: pain, swelling, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, nausea
        
        Contraindications (if any)
        
        Individuals with a known history of severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine
        
        The second dose should not be given to those who have experienced anaphylaxis to the first dose of the vaccine.
  - - - Adult individuals of 18 years and older
      - How given: intramuscular injection (deltoid muscle of the upper arm)
      - Dose and time of administration
        
        Number of shots: 2 shots (0,5mL each) 4 to 12 weeks apart
        
        WHO recommends an interval of 8 to 12 weeks between the two doses
        
        Each dose (0,5 mL per dose) contains approx. 2 mg of ethanol.
        
        Store refrigerated at 2 to 8°C
        
        BOOSTER SHOT: everyone ages 12 years and older is recommended to get a booster shot at least 5 months after completing the primary series.
        
        Additional doses for target populations where the immune response rate following the standard primary series is deemed insufficient (immunocompromised individuals)
        
        Adverse reactions
        
        Bruising, pain or itching in the arm where you had the vaccine injection, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, fever 38°C
        
        Contraindications (if any)
        
        Individuals with a known history of severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine
        
        The second dose should not be given to those who have experienced anaphylaxis to the first dose of the vaccine.
        
        Individuals who have experienced major venous and/or arterial thrombosis in combinations with thrombocytopenia following vaccination with any COVID-19 vaccine.
  - - - Type of Vaccine: mRNA
      - Dose and time of administration
        
        Number of shots: 2 shots (0,3mL each after dilution) 21 to 28 days apart.
        
        Store frozen at -90 to -60°C
        
        BOOSTER SHOT: everyone ages 12 years and older is recommended to get a booster shot at least 5 months after completing their Pfizer-BioNTech primary series.
        
        Adverse reactions
        
        In the arm where you got the shot: pain, redness, swelling
        
        Throughout the rest of your body: tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, nausea
        
        Contraindications (if any)
        
        If you have had a severe allergic reaction to any ingredient of the vaccine (such as polyethylene glycol) you should not get this vaccine
        
        If you had a severe allergic reaction after getting a dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, you should not get another dose of an mRNA vaccine.
      - How Given: intramuscular injection (deltoid muscle of the upper arm)
      - Does NOT contain eggs, preservatives, latex, metals
      - People aged 12 years and over
- - - - Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV; Imovax)
        Purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV; RabAvert). Additional vaccines are available outside the United States.
    - - Regimen consists of a series of three 1 mL intramuscular doses on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28.
    - - For immunocompetent individuals <18 years with short-term risk for rabies (such as travelers), the WHO also endorses a shortened PrEP regimen consisting of two doses on days 0 and 7.
      - The CDC and WHO recommend that PrEP be given intramuscularly; the WHO also endorses an intradermal regimen
    - - Pre-exposure immunization does not eliminate the need for postexposure administration of two booster doses spaced by three days.