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Endocrine System McKenzie Nazionale Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System
McKenzie Nazionale
Period 1
Major Endocrine System Functions
controls and integrates:
maintenance of electrolyte, water, and blood nutrient balance
cellular metabolism and energy balance regulation
growth and development
mobilization of body defenses
reproduction
releases hormones responding to:
humoral stimuli: blood levels in ions and nutrients
neural stimuli: nerve fibers hormone release
hormonal stimuli: stimulates other endocrine organs
Major Endocrine Glands/Organs
hypothalamus: connected to pituitary gland via infundibulum
posterior pituitary: oxytocin and ADH
anterior pituitary: GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL
thyroid: major metabolic hormone; T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine), TSH, calcitonin
parathyroid: PTH
Adrenal Cortex: aldosterone, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids
anterior medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine
pineal gland: melatonin
pancreas: glucagon, insulin
gonads and placenta: estrogen, testosterone
other organs:
adipose tissue: leptin, resistin
gastrointestinal tract: gastrin, secretin
heart: atrial natriuretic peptide
kidneys: erythropoietin
skeleton: osteocalcin
thymus: thymulin, thymopoietins, thymosins
Steroid vs. Non-steroid Hormones
steroid
gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
lipid-soluble
synthesized from cholesterol
Non-steroid (amino acid-based)
amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins
water-soluble
Homeostatic Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation
Positive Feedback
a response that continues to increase in order to produce the desired effect
release and response of oxytocin during childbirth
Negative Feedback
blood levels of hormones: increase in hormones effects on target organs inhibit hormone release
Endocrine System Diseases
diabetes insipidus: ADH deficiency
gigantism: hypersecretion of GH
pituitary dwarfism: hyposecretion of GH
myxedema: hyposecretion of TH
hypothyroidism: poor development of thyroid gland
grave's disease: hypersecretion of TH
cushing's syndrome/disease: hypersecretion
addison's disease: hyposecretion
diabetes mellitus
hypoactivity of insulin: type 2
hyposecretion of insulin: type 1
hyperinsulism: excessive insulin secretion