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Psychofarmology - College 1 Deel 1 - Coggle Diagram
Psychofarmology - College 1 Deel 1
Definition:
Pharmacology
= Knowledge about drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medication.
the science that deals with studying the reciprocal actions, or interactions between pharmacological substances & psychological processes.
Definition 'drug'
->
English: Pharmacologically active substance
Dutch: Psychoactive substance for abuse
Classification:
Chemical structure
= Interesting, but the same structure can have different effects.
Working mechanism
= Ideal, but working mechanism not always known.
Behavioral effects
= Easiest, linked to disorder being treated.
ATC
= Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical.
Behavioral effects (indication based)
Older (1976)
Gold standard (WHO)
Cons;
-> Use for other than primary disorder
-> Stigma/patient adherence
Antipsychotics, Antidepressants
Psychotropic drug main classes:
Antispsychotics (Conventional like
Haloperidol
or Atypical like
Risperidone
)
Antidepressants (Tricyclic like
Imipramine
or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors like
Prozac
or MonoAmine Oxidase Inhibitors like
Nardil
)
Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines like
Valium
or Non-benzodiazepines like
Buspiron
)
Mood stabillizers
(Lithium
)
Hypnotics
NbN
= Neuroscience-based Nomenclature
Working mechanism (Pharmacollogically driven)
Newer (2018)
Taskforce 5 organisations
Cons;
-> New, not acknowledged by WHO/scientific community
-> Lack of sufficient evidence
Serotonin/dopamine antagonists with antipsychotic actions, Monoamine reuptake inhibitors, with antidepressant action.
Administration
-> 4 important stages
Absorption
= site of administration -> blood
Distribution
= throughout the body
Metabolism
= conversion by body
Excretion
= elimination from body
Absorption
:
Oral
Rectal
Topical (skin, oral mucosa, buccal, sublingual)
Parenteral (Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneously)
Inhalation
Distribution:
In blood (albumin)
Distribution
-> Extracellular (blood plasma)
-> Intracellular (water in body cells)
Speed of distribution depends on lipid solubility
-> Through membranes: passive diffusion following concentration gradient
-> Higher lipid solubility -> faster distribution (example, herion versus morphine)
Pharmacokinetics
= How does the body
process
the medication?
-> Change over time in terms of serum concentration of medication and metabolites
Entire blood circulation takes +/- 1 minute
Capillaries
Pharmacodynamics
= How does the body
respond
to the medication?
Medication - Receptor interaction
Determine pharmacological, therapeutic and toxic effect
Time - Concentration relation
:
To (time o):
First: Large peak in medication concentration in plasma -> medication administered
Then: Large descrease medication concentration in plasma -> leaves bloodstream, enters body (cells, fat, muscles, etc.)
Half-lives
(time for the medication to halve in concentration):
1. Distribution half-live
: How fast absorbed?
Alpha phase
To -.> 50%
First half-live = important -> Onset action
2. Elimination half-live:
How fast eliminated?
Beta phase
Degradation (liver) and 50% excretion (kidneys)
Sixth half-live = important
-> Eliminated/Stop action