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Topik 2: Konsep Etika dan Peradaban - Coggle Diagram
Topik 2: Konsep Etika dan Peradaban
Menelusuri Pergerakan Idea dan Amalan Etika dan Peradaban Dunia
memahami peradaban, pengaruh dan perubahan yang berlaku dalam persekitaran Alam Melayu dan Nusantara
Pengaruh peradaban dari luar peradaban Alam Melayu
terdiri daripada
China: Ming
India: Gujarat
Arab: Yaman, Hadramaut
Barat: Portugis, Belanda, Inggeris, Jepun
proses pertemuan dan pergaulan antara peradaban
peradaban kontemporari
membina peradaban kacukan global
Timur: Jepun, Korea, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepa, Uzbekistan,
ASEAN: Indonesia, Viertnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Kemboja, Filipina
Arab: Mesir, Saudi, Pelastin, Syarian, Iraq, Yamani
Barat: Inggeris, Amerika, Bosnia
Afrika: Nigeria, dan Sudan
Australia dan New Zealand
Konsep Etika
Sejarah pemikiran Eropah, daripada zaman sebelum, semasa dan selepas Enlightenment
Pemikiran Sosial: Aristotle, Plato, Descarte.
Englightenment
Revolusi Perancis (French Revolution):
Industrial Revolution
Komunikasi & pengangkutan
Perdagangan sedunia oleh mercantile ke kapitalis sedunia, globalisasi dan dunia digital
Perspektif agama dan kepercayaan
Hindu: Chola
Buddha: Sriwijaya, Majapahit
Islam: Funan, Kalimantan Indrapura, Melaka, Pasai, Acheh, Pattani, Johor, Brunei, Sulu
Kolonial dan Pascakolonial
Melaka-Penang-Singapura-Perak
1957-1969
1970
Pembina negara bangsa dalam kalangan Melayu terbina tetapi dalam kalangan bukan melayu lebih melihat pembangunan negara tanpa bangsa.
Konsep Peradaban
Kolonialisme dan Pasca Kolonialisme
Materialisme, positivisme, individualisme, hedonisme,
Konsep peradaban pasca kolonial berlapis dengan Melayu-Islam, pribumi, etnik Cina dan India Malaysia, kacukan perababan sedunia kontemporari hingga lahir kerencaman sosial dan mengurus super-diversity pada masa ini
Furnivall’s (1948)
writing of Burma and Indonesia in the 1930 aptly described contemporary Muslim societies
terdiri daripada
social and political relations were customary, not legal;
authority was personal, based on Will and not on Law;
both custom and authority were closely bound up with religion.
The social order rested not on impersonal law and individual rights, but on personal authority and customary obligations
and authority and custom derived their sanction not from reason but from religion”.
Thus the social structure is hierarchical and authority is from top to down.
Such a socially caste-like society would not be conducive to undergoing social change as the initiative and creativity of the individuals are not the central thrust of its dynamism.
The conceptual and theoretical frameworks of Furnivall, Westwood and Posner were summarized and grouped into, initially, four
dimensions
but later extended to five.
as follows:
Individual Empowerment VERSUS Collective Behaviour.
Rationality and Scientism VERSUS Emotive Behaviour.
Universalistic VERSUS Particularistic Behaviour.
Opened Social System VERSUS Closed Social System.
Moral VERSUS Mundane Behaviour
Timur dan Barat
Peradaban kacukan dengan rasional-legal dan materialism tersulam nilai.
Perspektif agama dan kepercayaan
merangkumi:
Alam Melayu diwarnai Kaum Muda.
1930
1970
Cina: Taiwan.
India: Hindu, Tamil Naidu.
Kritian: USA Evangilish, Pentecostal.
Agama Tradisi.