Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
C7 End of Topic - Coggle Diagram
C7 End of Topic
L6 - Alcohols
-
Alcohols with comparable relative molecular masses to alkanes are liquid at room temperature instead of gasses; this is because of their strong hydrogen bonds.
Alcohol is either produced through an industrial process or through fermentation. Methanol and ethanol are mixed to form a fuel
Methanol is used as a raw material to make such products as plastics, drugs and solvents.
-
Sodium will produce a less vigorous reaction with alcohols than it does with water (fizzes slowly and produced hydrogen).
Uses:
- Methanol - Feedstock (plastics, paints), solvent, fuel.
- Ethanol - Drinking alcohol, fuel, solvent.
-
L4 - Cracking
Cracking converts a less useful, longer alkane into a shorter, more useful alkane and an alkene. This either occurs through steam or catalytic cracking.
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, they are more reactive than alkanes and burn with a smokier flame (greater tendency to undergo complete combustion).
-
-
-
-
L11 - DNA
DNA is a large molecule essential for life. It encodes genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms and viruses.
Most DNA molecules are two chains bonded together with hydrogen bonds in a double helix shape containing nucleotides. 4 bases: A, T, C, G
Other naturally occurring polymers include proteins, cellulose and starch.
Each nucleotide is formed from a phosphate, base and deoxyribose-sugar molecule.
L1 - Alkanes
Alkanes are said to be a homologous series, they follow the general formula C[n]H[2n+2]
-
-
-
L5 - Alkenes
- The reaction of an alkene with bromine at room temperature and pressure is known as bromination.
- The reaction of an alkene with water at 300 degrees Celsius, at 60 atmospheres of pressure with a silica catalyst is known as hydration. [Forms an alcohol]
- The reaction of an alkene with hydrogen at room temperature and pressure with a platinum catalyst is known as hydrogenation. [Forms an alkane]
Alkenes are referred to as unsaturated because they contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than an alkane with the same number of carbons.
L8 - Addition Polymers
-
The alkene used as a reactant in this process will lose one of its C=C bonds and form a repeating unit.
-